# CASCA evidence receipt — CVE-2016-5195

- Generation: `gen-409cbd0c74ff4feb70e4944e6b98ce40`
- As known: 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
- Comparison: gen-56ccdaf914f7b4be95b689ccae7dc20d
- Score policy: public-priority-v1.0.1
- Conflict: not observed in this generation

## Source assertions

- **Chrome** (original_assertion): container — Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect handling of a copy-on-write (COW) feature to write to a read-only memory mapping, as exploited in the wild in October 2016, aka "Dirty COW."
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-5195
- **CISA-ADP** (independent_enrichment): container — CISA ADP Vulnrichment
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-5195
- **CVE** (derivative_copy): container — CVE Program Container
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-5195
- **CISA KEV** (original_assertion): observed_exploitation — Linux Kernel Race Condition Vulnerability
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:04.25158+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
- **FIRST EPSS** (original_assertion): model_probability — Probability 0.835240000000; percentile 0.996530000000
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:35.756809+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.first.org/epss/data_stats.html

## CVSS assessments

- **nvd@nist.gov** (Primary, CVSS 3.1): 7 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: nvd_enrichment_exact; source rank: 0
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **nvd@nist.gov** (Primary, CVSS 2.0): 7.2 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: nvd_enrichment_exact; source rank: 0
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C`
- **134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0** (Secondary, CVSS 3.1): 7 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: registered_adp_or_other; source rank: 2
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **CISA-ADP** (unknown, CVSS 3.1): 7 — display only
  - Evidence class: direct_cve_record_display_only; source rank: not applicable
  - Validation: display-only direct record assessment
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Applicability scope

- **n/a · n/a** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
- **canonical · ubuntu_linux** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 12.04; Version 14.04; Version 16.04; Version 16.10
  - Canonical identity: `product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:12.04:*:*:*:-:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*`
- **debian · debian_linux** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 7.0; Version 8.0
  - Canonical identity: `product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **fedoraproject · fedora** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 23; Version 24; Version 25
  - Canonical identity: `product-c96c7662a6606ed7594747da3d7ba9ee3a9758ab11658f6a3f42616361472e47`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **linux · linux_kernel** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Any version (unconstrained) (>= 2.6.22, < 3.2.83); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.11, < 3.12.66); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.13, < 3.16.38); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.17, < 3.18.44); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.19, < 4.1.35); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.3, < 3.4.113); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 3.5, < 3.10.104); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.2, < 4.4.26); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.5, < 4.7.9); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.8, < 4.8.3)
  - Canonical identity: `product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · cloud_backup** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-82c0ed89ab714a80f8d7ca4b0a7a5e6e1968a59a16c17a9f6a2a0a6a4757f6bf`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:cloud_backup:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · hci_storage_nodes** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-79e948d8fb7b464f045bf3eb7a73cf70051b9c643393e71fbb96fbc9405127ab`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:hci_storage_nodes:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · oncommand_balance** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-1e7e71c5224a6f4135c855890a7cd875f6ac32bf0024c6ee2e888da0212d267e`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_balance:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · oncommand_performance_manager** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-0622850d7355e952441687d9dab9a9888a3f7429796731abeb2f2b417c9c9aa0`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_performance_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · oncommand_unified_manager_for_clustered_data_ontap** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-95e73896397d0cbb5f0e3f0563f3e3efd0e734e7db48b3839de8df88ff44aa32`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_unified_manager_for_clustered_data_ontap:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · ontap_select_deploy_administration_utility** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-a29b5595b3d2a9b5738f4a4515b77cf292f7915044138b7e9367b90ddc00d096`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:ontap_select_deploy_administration_utility:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · snapprotect** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-54f6684a68573d65aa78169968c2b2f415c9361813074426c7287d847707d3d1`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapprotect:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **netapp · solidfire** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-3f0c13ae987268d938a748a6775a56a1c59c577b908d80ca86854083f202c4a8`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:netapp:solidfire:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.1, < 7.0.14); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 7.1.0, < 7.1.8)
  - Canonical identity: `product-612afb736440531327cd224402d663e14e2a3f421cc65267d8acade0f3b99df7`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **redhat · enterprise_linux** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 5; Version 6.0; Version 7.0
  - Canonical identity: `product-ec20120153af988d42a6a2dfd3cdd9595762b35581f66014faaa4f85d8f844ee`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **redhat · enterprise_linux_aus** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 6.2; Version 6.4; Version 6.5
  - Canonical identity: `product-f3cc34d5623ef33fd690fedee68e310623a54b43b3e4c5cfe2f3da198ffb2184`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_aus:6.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_aus:6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_aus:6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **redhat · enterprise_linux_eus** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 6.6; Version 6.7; Version 7.1
  - Canonical identity: `product-8abf8d7f0342f690712d750b6cf7fbf4068eb0134c40a51c5b57b074f81c6378`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:6.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:6.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **redhat · enterprise_linux_long_life** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 5.6; Version 5.9
  - Canonical identity: `product-b76803049f2a654cf7b4724fa7ca2f19fad73487f334bf4f6790889d964bdaed`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_long_life:5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_long_life:5.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **redhat · enterprise_linux_tus** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 6.5
  - Canonical identity: `product-97b610ecf2d1a7e04859ffad5ea0fa8cd4db7e96d416e41af80db054927b7678`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_tus:6.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`

## Identity source boundaries

- **cpe_dictionary**: 1775266 records through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809553+00:00
  - Run: `27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa`
- **cpe_match**: 643502 records through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
  - Run: `955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e`

## Limitations and unknowns

- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Factor D remains unknown because WC-03 has not converted canonical CPE mappings into generation-bound mapping obligations; canonical identity alone does not score applicability.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.

Generated from CASCA normalized evidence. This receipt is not proof that an asset is affected, unaffected, safe, or fixed.