# CASCA evidence receipt — CVE-2018-8405

- Generation: `gen-409cbd0c74ff4feb70e4944e6b98ce40`
- As known: 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
- Comparison: gen-56ccdaf914f7b4be95b689ccae7dc20d
- Score policy: public-priority-v1.0.1
- Conflict: not observed in this generation

## Source assertions

- **CISA-ADP** (independent_enrichment): container — CISA ADP Vulnrichment
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-8405
- **CVE** (derivative_copy): container — CVE Program Container
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-8405
- **microsoft** (original_assertion): container — An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the DirectX Graphics Kernel (DXGKRNL) driver improperly handles objects in memory, aka "DirectX Graphics Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8400, CVE-2018-8401, CVE-2018-8406.
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-8405
- **CISA KEV** (original_assertion): observed_exploitation — Microsoft DirectX Graphics Kernel Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:04.25158+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
- **FIRST EPSS** (original_assertion): model_probability — Probability 0.034440000000; percentile 0.876710000000
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:35.756809+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.first.org/epss/data_stats.html

## CVSS assessments

- **nvd@nist.gov** (Primary, CVSS 3.1): 7.8 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: nvd_enrichment_exact; source rank: 0
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **nvd@nist.gov** (Primary, CVSS 2.0): 7.2 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: nvd_enrichment_exact; source rank: 0
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C`
- **134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0** (Secondary, CVSS 3.1): 7.8 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: registered_adp_or_other; source rank: 2
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **CISA-ADP** (unknown, CVSS 3.1): 7.8 — display only
  - Evidence class: direct_cve_record_display_only; source rank: not applicable
  - Validation: display-only direct record assessment
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Applicability scope

- **Microsoft · Windows 10** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "32-bit Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1607 for x64-based Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1703 for 32-bit Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1703 for x64-based Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1709 for 32-bit Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1709 for x64-based Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1803 for 32-bit Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Version 1803 for x64-based Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "x64-based Systems"}]
- **Microsoft · Windows 10 Servers** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "version 1709  (Server Core Installation)"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "version 1803  (Server Core Installation)"}]
- **Microsoft · Windows 8.1** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "32-bit systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "x64-based systems"}]
- **Microsoft · Windows RT 8.1** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "Windows RT 8.1"}]
- **Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "(Server Core installation)"}]
- **Microsoft · Windows Server 2016** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "(Server Core installation)"}]
- **microsoft · windows_10_1507** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-9851bd571b8ab08bca589cd73710badfef557d036f0fb7707f694f1c9f597cb4`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*`
- **microsoft · windows_10_1607** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-740fec3e9838b5eabe76ebe27e4d0d7a4cb2e0ef7e13923300d3d0b51e3fce1c`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*`
- **microsoft · windows_10_1703** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-2f3550a8fd2528ab6e756c5ea638f5f3dc368adee47ca6f01d64918c0b9eb2a5`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1703:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1703:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*`
- **microsoft · windows_10_1709** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-d059dbfcd39652adfca6d48669484008cb5d4a8b33116c81ee002cd9101904af`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1709:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1709:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*`
- **microsoft · windows_10_1803** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-5e821ea3746af154a469c180e78b9f4d663edf21461517987eed76740c7910c1`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1803:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1803:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*`
- **microsoft · windows_8.1** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-7e46de82012029583622f69d79b86bc210b5bd25b8cb3bb4468936702b23c4b0`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **microsoft · windows_rt_8.1** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-076c7e47c78d9425d54dea0b063ed7cd79e5f9f0bfdb3c9153b8aec4e71a7ad9`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **microsoft · windows_server_1709** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-ff9203e1d48a9425faa287000b301451cdbb2a9defda0e208f1ce06fd168da7d`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_1709:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **microsoft · windows_server_1803** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-a74a0925fd770075058392e2bb7a5408e96a296354955527de213995d5070448`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_1803:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **microsoft · windows_server_2012** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version r2
  - Canonical identity: `product-5a80416e92fed0cddbb3d4f3840218b448dee11159824ad25a0353da566963fe`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **microsoft · windows_server_2016** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-02e254d111ce604757a15650ef469f4f8365d6247da82ce3ac2695c3cfc7dc5f`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`

## Identity source boundaries

- **cpe_dictionary**: 1775266 records through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809553+00:00
  - Run: `27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa`
- **cpe_match**: 643502 records through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
  - Run: `955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e`

## Limitations and unknowns

- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Factor D remains unknown because WC-03 has not converted canonical CPE mappings into generation-bound mapping obligations; canonical identity alone does not score applicability.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.

Generated from CASCA normalized evidence. This receipt is not proof that an asset is affected, unaffected, safe, or fixed.