# CASCA evidence receipt — CVE-2022-0028

- Generation: `gen-409cbd0c74ff4feb70e4944e6b98ce40`
- As known: 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
- Comparison: gen-56ccdaf914f7b4be95b689ccae7dc20d
- Score policy: public-priority-v1.0.1
- Conflict: not observed in this generation

## Source assertions

- **CISA-ADP** (independent_enrichment): container — CISA ADP Vulnrichment
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0028
- **CVE** (derivative_copy): container — CVE Program Container
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0028
- **palo_alto** (original_assertion): container — PAN-OS: Reflected Amplification Denial-of-Service (DoS) Vulnerability in URL Filtering
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0028
- **CISA KEV** (original_assertion): observed_exploitation — Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS Reflected Amplification Denial-of-Service Vulnerability
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:04.25158+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
- **FIRST EPSS** (original_assertion): model_probability — Probability 0.021260000000; percentile 0.798640000000
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:35.756809+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.first.org/epss/data_stats.html

## CVSS assessments

- **nvd@nist.gov** (Primary, CVSS 3.1): 8.6 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: nvd_enrichment_exact; source rank: 0
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H`
- **psirt@paloaltonetworks.com** (Secondary, CVSS 3.1): 8.6 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: exact_record_cna; source rank: 1
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H`
- **palo_alto** (unknown, CVSS 3.1): 8.6 — display only
  - Evidence class: direct_cve_record_display_only; source rank: not applicable
  - Validation: display-only direct record assessment
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H`

## Applicability scope

- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "8.1.0", "lessThan": "8.1.23-h", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "9.0.0", "lessThan": "9.0.16-h3", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "9.1.0", "lessThan": "9.1 < 9.1.14-h4", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.0", "lessThan": "10.0.11-h1", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "10.1.0", "lessThan": "10.1.6-h6", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "10.2.0", "lessThan": "10.2.2-h2", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **Palo Alto Networks · Cloud NGFW** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "unaffected", "version": "All"}]
- **Palo Alto Networks · PAN-OS** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "8.1", "lessThan": "8.1.23-h1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "9.0", "lessThan": "9.0.16-h3", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "9.1", "lessThan": "9.1.14-h4", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "10.0", "lessThan": "10.0.11-h1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "10.1", "lessThan": "10.1.6-h6", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "10.2", "lessThan": "10.2.2-h2", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **Palo Alto Networks · Prisma Access** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "unaffected", "version": "2.1 All"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "2.2 All"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "3.0 All"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "3.1 All"}]
- **paloaltonetworks · pan-os** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Any version (unconstrained) (>= 10.0.0, < 10.0.11); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 10.1.0, < 10.1.6); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 10.2.0, < 10.2.2); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.1.0, < 8.1.23); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 9.0.0, < 9.0.16); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 9.1.0, < 9.1.14); Version 10.0.11; Version 10.1.6; Version 10.2.2; Version 8.1.23; Version 9.0.16; Version 9.1.14
  - Canonical identity: `product-612afb736440531327cd224402d663e14e2a3f421cc65267d8acade0f3b99df7`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.2:h1:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:9.1.14:h1:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:8.1.23:-:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:9.0.16:-:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.6:h3:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:9.0.16:h2:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.2.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:9.1.14:-:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:10.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:paloaltonetworks:pan-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`

## Identity source boundaries

- **cpe_dictionary**: 1775266 records through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809553+00:00
  - Run: `27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa`
- **cpe_match**: 643502 records through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
  - Run: `955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e`

## Limitations and unknowns

- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Factor D remains unknown because WC-03 has not converted canonical CPE mappings into generation-bound mapping obligations; canonical identity alone does not score applicability.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.

Generated from CASCA normalized evidence. This receipt is not proof that an asset is affected, unaffected, safe, or fixed.