# CASCA evidence receipt — CVE-2024-40891

- Generation: `gen-409cbd0c74ff4feb70e4944e6b98ce40`
- As known: 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
- Comparison: gen-56ccdaf914f7b4be95b689ccae7dc20d
- Score policy: public-priority-v1.0.1
- Conflict: not observed in this generation

## Source assertions

- **CISA-ADP** (independent_enrichment): container — CISA ADP Vulnrichment
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-40891
- **Zyxel** (original_assertion): container — **UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED**
A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware version 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615 could allow an authenticated attacker to execute operating system (OS) commands on an affected device via Telnet.
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-40891
- **CISA KEV** (original_assertion): observed_exploitation — Zyxel DSL CPE OS Command Injection Vulnerability
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:04.25158+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
- **FIRST EPSS** (original_assertion): model_probability — Probability 0.219960000000; percentile 0.973930000000
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:35.756809+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.first.org/epss/data_stats.html

## CVSS assessments

- **security@zyxel.com.tw** (Secondary, CVSS 3.1): 8.8 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: exact_record_cna; source rank: 1
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **Zyxel** (unknown, CVSS 3.1): 8.8 — display only
  - Evidence class: direct_cve_record_display_only; source rank: not applicable
  - Validation: display-only direct record assessment
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Applicability scope

- **Zyxel · VMG4325-B10A firmware** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "<= 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615"}]
- **zyxel · sbg3300-n000** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-3e70c23cdbeb02477c16248b39a38f41245623e8619924501b63314d2e26d52e`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:sbg3300-n000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3300-n000_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-ea4602b0c7797b4686b535508ef79b3d0796b66bf8d28682c9d23fde5c97e17d`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:sbg3300-n000_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3300-nb00** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-ab8c7e0f292d28cd0a6ec70f733da3e69b220ffe1fbebd02dc2302ac8a305db7`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:sbg3300-nb00:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3300-nb00_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-e0ae34861dd0c3054ca2a2ce4fc3e9ee90c80958684118dfedfe92f84dc638bf`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:sbg3300-nb00_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3500-n000_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-89228378337bc89010890ab3f5631370a5c6fa6b62d545bfc2ea4363cda125e1`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:sbg3500-n000_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3500-n000_firmware** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-89228378337bc89010890ab3f5631370a5c6fa6b62d545bfc2ea4363cda125e1`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:sbg3500-n000_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3500-nb00** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-cc5735571d2d2a85a9c9c2df3077e0117e72c64030d4d82f92199a67e4db9c85`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:sbg3500-nb00:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · sbg3500-nb00_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-0c06c54cb3c1bed32b222c5bdfdbc933015e9f71de90a8d0a0ff258889206aad`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:sbg3500-nb00_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg1312-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-dabc386d075ac87404480754d8fa7f3d7c75b0eff068533af9a9f0129287c408`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg1312-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg1312-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-55b53bd07f433c3a4589bacab687f79d4f42f1b90360f5a884cd126e3a85282d`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg1312-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg1312-b10b** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-1d10c976395ffe8d1add76ffaf857f50ac754533c2575836730ba9012d71ba49`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg1312-b10b:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg1312-b10b_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-987facc3e99c8b60ce311663cff268c5d8b95ad5716400048ac230886a85adf5`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg1312-b10b_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg1312-b10e** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-562ed1e68929c60843e985e79efaab07ad895a6522bdabd4624c0e85f2c8774b`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg1312-b10e:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg1312-b10e_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-bc79cee417ec3d2c7b6efc6fafe0a965233d0d364527ea55eba1f8931a3f71c8`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg1312-b10e_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg3312-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-b2748dc6c74999e8d615b1e26a25574d2efeb49caef8facd80a2416f0f5e8ae9`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg3312-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg3312-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-a9fe6df505ff5aa2b698381fe7fe7e7aa7eae8077b1e6ceef5fc0ab828aec938`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg3312-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg3313-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-317bebbe4dcb5c3653665d14196e229f6f60465ea154a52630bd48e47995fa45`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg3313-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg3313-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-ba01e830f486a82af701e61f9ae4c86386ef718e9c6f5e63ef24fd970edf20b8`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg3313-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg3926-b10b** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-e56cc6c3ef63ec2fe7734b20c130bb9a017016c6b4de6173dcdfa9c65c2a6011`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg3926-b10b:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg3926-b10b_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-e1355e93d3f64c26bfeaad7da54e7b7a348b14905a482f27f5658a8054d81a09`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg3926-b10b_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg4325-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-110f3f3896cbe1a844bf9c7c4981e04aece948a394dcc2a44a065a65187b9b5e`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg4325-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg4325-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-efc35132a7de2afd1410a7d17fd438efe4fea36254fd7437158a0f558827555e`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg4325-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg4380-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-cc57b63201767dcdba9b6ba5ff9176bdacea8a446df6dff77d4589aff7691250`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg4380-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg4380-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-52145aed160f0b3c2baf7582175465c2e2d521c8169c548a87c5f24eb3f76039`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg4380-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg8324-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-da0534d43ec86b3e2402d036f1e824ff8bcb3d244b444a3601d5ea16a7c76384`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg8324-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg8324-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-11a1d8e945e36f2e063f9aeee0983a3ca2ecfff3b527c9806b092970150cc6d7`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg8324-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg8924-b10a** (environmental_constraint; constrained)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-6009985f67d1a2129c07bf720af4c2d138bc7fc5e54873ba1c238d8bfdafb227`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, environmental_constraint): `cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg8924-b10a:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **zyxel · vmg8924-b10a_firmware** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-307b0940f2387d8d45daa4bd6d8faa8960c99b5276350c52c83e3a3c7a360cf9`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg8924-b10a_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`

## Identity source boundaries

- **cpe_dictionary**: 1775266 records through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809553+00:00
  - Run: `27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa`
- **cpe_match**: 643502 records through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
  - Run: `955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e`

## Limitations and unknowns

- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Factor D remains unknown because WC-03 has not converted canonical CPE mappings into generation-bound mapping obligations; canonical identity alone does not score applicability.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.

Generated from CASCA normalized evidence. This receipt is not proof that an asset is affected, unaffected, safe, or fixed.