# CASCA evidence receipt — CVE-2025-22225

- Generation: `gen-409cbd0c74ff4feb70e4944e6b98ce40`
- As known: 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
- Comparison: gen-56ccdaf914f7b4be95b689ccae7dc20d
- Score policy: public-priority-v1.0.1
- Conflict: not observed in this generation

## Source assertions

- **CISA-ADP** (independent_enrichment): container — CISA ADP Vulnrichment
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22225
- **vmware** (original_assertion): container — VMware ESXi contains an arbitrary write vulnerability. A malicious actor with privileges within the VMX process may trigger an arbitrary kernel write leading to an escape of the sandbox.
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:27:06.398189+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-22225
- **CISA KEV** (original_assertion): observed_exploitation — VMware ESXi Arbitrary Write Vulnerability
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:04.25158+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
- **FIRST EPSS** (original_assertion): model_probability — Probability 0.009630000000; percentile 0.576870000000
  - Observed: 2026-07-19T04:54:35.756809+00:00
  - Citation: https://www.first.org/epss/data_stats.html

## CVSS assessments

- **nvd@nist.gov** (Primary, CVSS 3.1): 8.2 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: nvd_enrichment_exact; source rank: 0
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **security@vmware.com** (Secondary, CVSS 3.1): 8.2 — score eligible
  - Evidence class: exact_record_cna; source rank: 1
  - Validation: valid_match
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`
- **vmware** (unknown, CVSS 3.1): 8.2 — display only
  - Evidence class: direct_cve_record_display_only; source rank: not applicable
  - Validation: display-only direct record assessment
  - Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`

## Applicability scope

- **n/a · VMware Cloud Foundation** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.x, 4.5.x"}]
- **n/a · VMware ESXi** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "8.0", "lessThan": "ESXi80U3d-24585383", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "8.0", "lessThan": "ESXi80U2d-24585300", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7.0", "lessThan": "ESXi70U3s-24585291", "versionType": "custom"}]
- **n/a · VMware Telco Cloud Infrastructure** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "3.x, 2.x"}]
- **n/a · VMware Telco Cloud Platform** (direct_source; unknown)
  - Versions: [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.x, 4.x, 3.x, 2.x"}]
- **vmware · cloud_foundation** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version not applicable
  - Canonical identity: `product-29d7e06677052d6292d0854ba656869395ea8e26a3dfe12b466a234813f9d5c3`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:cloud_foundation:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **vmware · esxi** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 7.0; Version 8.0
  - Canonical identity: `product-23a252291fc54c7d970af8a89ad978d1de708dae5df8285a6f74b35881b5bd32`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3o:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3k:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3d:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:a:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3m:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_2b:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3p:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3i:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_1:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_1:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3j:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_1a:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3r:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_1b:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_1d:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_1a:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_2c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3n:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3g:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_1e:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_2:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_2c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_3:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:b:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_2e:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3e:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_2d:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_2:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_1c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_1d:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_3b:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_1c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3q:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3f:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:8.0:update_3c:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_3l:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:o:vmware:esxi:7.0:update_2a:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **vmware · telco_cloud_infrastructure** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 2.2; Version 2.5; Version 2.7; Version 3.0
  - Canonical identity: `product-d3deac29ab6bd35c48c3c775587f94cbece614f7e514c1ec2f6475a12c21ec81`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_infrastructure:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_infrastructure:2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_infrastructure:2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_infrastructure:2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
- **vmware · telco_cloud_platform** (vulnerable_target; supported)
  - Versions: Version 2.0; Version 2.5; Version 2.7; Version 3.0; Version 4.0; Version 4.0.1; Version 5.0
  - Canonical identity: `product-f33a9924ca675fab005c67daa6024da2d60a3504bfa15dcb96775f36535e19d7`
  - Official link states: linked_exact
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:4.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`
  - Criterion (linked_exact, vulnerable_target): `cpe:2.3:a:vmware:telco_cloud_platform:2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*`

## Identity source boundaries

- **cpe_dictionary**: 1775266 records through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809553+00:00
  - Run: `27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa`
- **cpe_match**: 643502 records through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697275+00:00
  - Run: `955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e`

## Limitations and unknowns

- KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
- EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
- Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
- NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
- Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
- NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
- Factor D remains unknown because WC-03 has not converted canonical CPE mappings into generation-bound mapping obligations; canonical identity alone does not score applicability.
- Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.

Generated from CASCA normalized evidence. This receipt is not proof that an asset is affected, unaffected, safe, or fixed.