CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2009-3459

Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 7.x before 7.1.4, 8.x before 8.1.7, and 9.x before 9.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 20, 2026). NVD reports CVSS 2.0 9.3. EPSS estimates 86.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

85.4–86.7Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 7.x before 7.1.4, 8.x before 8.1.7, and 9.x before 9.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PDF file that triggers memory corruption, as exploited in the wild in October 2009. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 13, 2009
Updated
May 21, 2026
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    adobe

    Record text: Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 7.x before 7.1.4, 8.x before 8.1.7, and 9.x before 9.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PDF file that triggers memory corruption, as exploited in the wild in October 2009. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 7.x before 7.1.4, 8.x before 8.1.7, and 9.x before 9.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PDF file that triggers memory corruption, as exploited in the wild in October 2009. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Adobe Acrobat and Reader Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Adobe Acrobat and Reader Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 86.58% probability · 99.72th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.865830000000; percentile 0.997230000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 20, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood86.58%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.7th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.3

NVD · CVSS 2.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

adobeOriginal assertion
Record text

Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 7.x before 7.1.4, 8.x before 8.1.7, and 9.x before 9.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PDF file that triggers memory corruption, as exploited in the wild in October 2009. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 7.x before 7.1.4, 8.x before 8.1.7, and 9.x before 9.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PDF file that triggers memory corruption, as exploited in the wild in October 2009. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Adobe Acrobat and Reader Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Adobe Acrobat and Reader Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

86.58% probability · 99.72th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.865830000000; percentile 0.997230000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
6Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
6Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

adobe · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobatVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 7.0, < 7.1.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0, < 8.1.7); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 9.0, < 9.2)Canonical identity product-ed5d44367bdcb90bad355d7e7359a851dedc6267deefc08f1c50b65634b9019cLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0; through excluding 8.1.7
    Match ID
    59ae2e7e-7c31-483d-b83c-86aad5086879
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 9.0; through excluding 9.2
    Match ID
    efb2089c-fcb5-4a74-a188-b59682940c5b
  3. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 7.0; through excluding 7.1.4
    Match ID
    c1329474-a9cd-44c3-828c-a0d53418300b
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobat_readerVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 7.0, < 7.1.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0, < 8.1.7); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 9.0, < 9.2)Canonical identity product-600b6c3e0d80d39770793f8a9da27b869cd246427b21a98d939c2f7b40e67886Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 9.0; through excluding 9.2
    Match ID
    a0d7f6d8-d5a3-4325-9a64-5e4e6ee3ac37
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 7.0; through excluding 7.1.4
    Match ID
    8e3f66d5-a623-4e9e-bd9e-e742d71eb876
  3. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0; through excluding 8.1.7
    Match ID
    46fa3f32-2426-43b8-9e86-2fa267a25245

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-600b6c3e0d80d39770793f8a9da27b869cd246427b21a98d939c2f7b40e67886

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4f42a923-957b-46af-bf4e-891e3d9d4f6bb21ad333-981e-4c50-867c-c551a28a30d3c9c4e113-d749-4474-be0b-08aa22b6161d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-ed5d44367bdcb90bad355d7e7359a851dedc6267deefc08f1c50b65634b9019c

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6ec49ac0-08c7-4f79-9c4a-06ff6f202c41a803454e-b09b-48bc-ba49-86f854bbcb94bd70e904-139b-47be-824c-c855163f29c9
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b1fb58fb-09fc-4ae1-9158-23f202f35ca3

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.3
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.