CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2010-0806

Use-after-free vulnerability in the Peer Objects component (aka iepeers.dll) in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 20, 2026). NVD reports CVSS 2.0 9.3. EPSS estimates 82.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

84.0–85.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Use-after-free vulnerability in the Peer Objects component (aka iepeers.dll) in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving access to an invalid pointer after the deletion of an object, as exploited in the wild in March 2010, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Mar 10, 2010
Updated
May 21, 2026
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    microsoft

    Record text: Use-after-free vulnerability in the Peer Objects component (aka iepeers.dll) in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving access to an invalid pointer after the deletion of an object, as exploited in the wild in March 2010, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Use-after-free vulnerability in the Peer Objects component (aka iepeers.dll) in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving access to an invalid pointer after the deletion of an object, as exploited in the wild in March 2010, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 82.17% probability · 99.63th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.821720000000; percentile 0.996310000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 20, 2026 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood82.17%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.6th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.3

NVD · CVSS 2.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
microsoftOriginal assertion
Record text

Use-after-free vulnerability in the Peer Objects component (aka iepeers.dll) in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving access to an invalid pointer after the deletion of an object, as exploited in the wild in March 2010, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Use-after-free vulnerability in the Peer Objects component (aka iepeers.dll) in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 6 SP1, and 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving access to an invalid pointer after the deletion of an object, as exploited in the wild in March 2010, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

82.17% probability · 99.63th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.821720000000; percentile 0.996310000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
36Underlying assertions
7Canonical products
5Target assertions
31Constraint assertions

Grouped from 8 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

8 scope groups

microsoft · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONmicrosoftinternet_explorerVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Version 5.01; Version 6; Version 7; Version 8Canonical identity product-d26e3505f2452daa926474c7ca23fc78f73a7b20902783174428ff8d6e276baaLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:6:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d47247a3-7cd7-4d67-9d9b-a94a504da1be
  2. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:5.01:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6219d36e-9e2c-4dc7-8fd5-fad144a333f6
  3. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    693d3c1c-e3e4-49db-9a13-44addff82507
  4. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1a33fa7f-bb2a-4c66-b608-72997a2bd1db
  5. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a52e757f-9b41-43b4-9d67-3fedaca71283
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_2000Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-36bcd12b0d9b78c1cb73603dd8250bb89a31af0321e0d48f233e7fc7c9a9fb80Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_2000:*:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    83e7c4a0-78cf-4b56-82bf-ec932bdd8adf
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_7Environmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-f20a05098a41a238f96b56b817d0482887bb39ad40620198bbe05da10ee02ffcLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fe52f111-c761-4011-9ac4-8b9c0e9357d9
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4b2c1db8-97b9-4d44-906c-3efa100b01cc
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_server_2003Environmental constraint · 8 assertions
Any version (unconstrained); Version not applicableCanonical identity product-21c8a455c6651c09ac3fd0874c5219dd6081913f4835e8de22662b3821fec60bLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a7371547-290d-4d0d-b98d-ca28b4d2e8b0
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4d3b5e4f-56a6-4696-bbb4-19df3613d020
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a7371547-290d-4d0d-b98d-ca28b4d2e8b0
  4. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4d3b5e4f-56a6-4696-bbb4-19df3613d020
  5. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:itanium:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9f98ae07-3995-4501-9804-fea5a87adfad
  6. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4d3b5e4f-56a6-4696-bbb4-19df3613d020
  7. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a7371547-290d-4d0d-b98d-ca28b4d2e8b0
  8. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:itanium:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9f98ae07-3995-4501-9804-fea5a87adfad
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_server_2008Environmental constraint · 7 assertions
Version not applicable; Version r2Canonical identity product-217b1ab3d25f361a639824f86753d418b35aa2a816ee370bb71b5d1dd883d87aLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:*:*:*:*:*:itanium:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b20dd263-5a62-4cb1-bd47-d1f9a6c67e08
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x86:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ab425562-c0a0-452e-aabe-f70522f15e1a
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2127d10c-b6f3-4c1d-b9aa-5d78513cc996
  4. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x86:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ab425562-c0a0-452e-aabe-f70522f15e1a
  5. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2127d10c-b6f3-4c1d-b9aa-5d78513cc996
  6. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b7674920-ae12-4a25-be57-34aedda74d76
  7. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:itanium:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fffd8c6b-7a46-484c-8701-81d58ab1c2cf
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_vistaEnvironmental constraint · 4 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-c6332934cac78bf2604a03402cb66568f867ce86c773d4333d1205e477bf93a9Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0a0d2704-c058-420b-b368-372d1129e914
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0a0d2704-c058-420b-b368-372d1129e914
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:*:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c162fff0-1e8f-4dcf-a08f-6c6e324ed878
  4. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:*:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c162fff0-1e8f-4dcf-a08f-6c6e324ed878
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_xpEnvironmental constraint · 9 assertions
Any version (unconstrained); Version not applicableCanonical identity product-64e458557132a0a0a8bbaccf808d742614fb319511c19c0d45dd39b15a52fcc7Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:professional:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c6109348-bc79-4ed3-8d41-ea546a540c79
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:*:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ce477a73-4ee4-41e9-8694-5a3d5dc88656
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:professional:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c6109348-bc79-4ed3-8d41-ea546a540c79
  4. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c9392d35-7bf5-48e9-879b-bbde9a9e9ab9
  5. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9b339c33-8896-4896-88ff-88e74fdbc543
  6. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9b339c33-8896-4896-88ff-88e74fdbc543
  7. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:professional:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c6109348-bc79-4ed3-8d41-ea546a540c79
  8. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    34df3b5e-f17f-49b4-9dc8-06749f3c9cc3
  9. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:*:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ce477a73-4ee4-41e9-8694-5a3d5dc88656

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-d26e3505f2452daa926474c7ca23fc78f73a7b20902783174428ff8d6e276baa

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
21795b2e-e41c-4335-80f8-c947ecd458f13f0c1772-b674-4e73-a26f-ca5c3b4fa7467a0bec34-313d-4efc-86b4-93483f3c0ec0b6a6cef6-e1c6-4de2-bfdd-5b86e7f64a3ef8c5fefb-8725-4260-bab8-8fb4b40c3079
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d82ebf6d-771e-4121-b755-d1b415585267

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.3
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.