CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2012-0151

CVE-2012-0151

78.3–97.1Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

The Authenticode Signature Verification function in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, and Windows 8 Consumer Preview does not properly validate the digest of a signed portable executable (PE) file, which allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a modified file with additional content, aka "WinVerifyTrust Signature Validation Vulnerability."

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 10, 2012
Updated
Oct 22, 2025
Evidence coverage
72%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS88.78%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 99.8%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

microsoftoriginal assertion
container

The Authenticode Signature Verification function in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, and Windows 8 Consumer Preview does not properly validate the digest of a signed portable executable (PE) file, which allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a modified file with additional content, aka "WinVerifyTrust Signature Validation Vulnerability."

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Microsoft Windows Authenticode Signature Verification Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.887800000000; percentile 0.997600000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
n/an/a
[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:x86:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:*:*:*:*:*:itanium:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:itanium:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:professional:*:x64:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3
nvd@nist.govCVSS 2.0 · role PrimaryAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
7.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.