CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2012-4792

Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers access to an…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 23, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 78.8% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

82.4–85.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers access to an object that (1) was not properly allocated or (2) is deleted, as demonstrated by a CDwnBindInfo object, and exploited in the wild in December 2012.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 30, 2012
Updated
Oct 22, 2025
Evidence coverage
94%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    microsoft

    Record text: Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers access to an object that (1) was not properly allocated or (2) is deleted, as demonstrated by a CDwnBindInfo object, and exploited in the wild in December 2012.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers access to an object that (1) was not properly allocated or (2) is deleted, as demonstrated by a CDwnBindInfo object, and exploited in the wild in December 2012.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 78.82% probability · 99.56th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.788230000000; percentile 0.995600000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 23, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood78.82%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.6th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
microsoftOriginal assertion
Record text

Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers access to an object that (1) was not properly allocated or (2) is deleted, as demonstrated by a CDwnBindInfo object, and exploited in the wild in December 2012.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site that triggers access to an object that (1) was not properly allocated or (2) is deleted, as demonstrated by a CDwnBindInfo object, and exploited in the wild in December 2012.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Microsoft Internet Explorer Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

78.82% probability · 99.56th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.788230000000; percentile 0.995600000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
24Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
3Target assertions
21Constraint assertions

Grouped from 6 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

8 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedmicrosoftieDirect source scope
Affected: 6.0 through 8.0 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "8.0"}]
microsoft · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONmicrosoftinternet_explorerVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Version 6; Version 7; Version 8Canonical identity product-d26e3505f2452daa926474c7ca23fc78f73a7b20902783174428ff8d6e276baaLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1a33fa7f-bb2a-4c66-b608-72997a2bd1db
  2. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a52e757f-9b41-43b4-9d67-3fedaca71283
  3. cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:internet_explorer:6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    693d3c1c-e3e4-49db-9a13-44addff82507
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_7Environmental constraint · 3 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-f20a05098a41a238f96b56b817d0482887bb39ad40620198bbe05da10ee02ffcLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7fe8b00b-4f39-4755-a323-8ad71f5e3ebe
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e33796db-4523-4f04-b564-adf030553d51
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:x86:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    06bbfa69-94e2-4bab-afd3-bc434b11d106
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_server_2003Environmental constraint · 3 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-21c8a455c6651c09ac3fd0874c5219dd6081913f4835e8de22662b3821fec60bLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1d929aa2-ee0b-4aa1-805d-69bcca11b77f
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1d929aa2-ee0b-4aa1-805d-69bcca11b77f
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1d929aa2-ee0b-4aa1-805d-69bcca11b77f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_server_2008Environmental constraint · 7 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-217b1ab3d25f361a639824f86753d418b35aa2a816ee370bb71b5d1dd883d87aLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x86:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ab425562-c0a0-452e-aabe-f70522f15e1a
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:r2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d2cfc05c-282c-4146-ac21-bae6ab9f1881
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:r2:*:*:*:*:itanium:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    edca193c-dd2b-4751-ac1e-1f3737c53c4d
  4. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:itanium:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fffd8c6b-7a46-484c-8701-81d58ab1c2cf
  5. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x86:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ab425562-c0a0-452e-aabe-f70522f15e1a
  6. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2127d10c-b6f3-4c1d-b9aa-5d78513cc996
  7. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2127d10c-b6f3-4c1d-b9aa-5d78513cc996
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_vistaEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-c6332934cac78bf2604a03402cb66568f867ce86c773d4333d1205e477bf93a9Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bf1ad1a1-ee20-4bce-9ee6-84b27139811c
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bf1ad1a1-ee20-4bce-9ee6-84b27139811c
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_xpEnvironmental constraint · 6 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-64e458557132a0a0a8bbaccf808d742614fb319511c19c0d45dd39b15a52fcc7Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c9392d35-7bf5-48e9-879b-bbde9a9e9ab9
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    badb0479-3e0e-4326-b568-9dbdcacf0b5e
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c9392d35-7bf5-48e9-879b-bbde9a9e9ab9
  4. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:professional:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c6109348-bc79-4ed3-8d41-ea546a540c79
  5. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:x64:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    badb0479-3e0e-4326-b568-9dbdcacf0b5e
  6. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_xp:-:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c9392d35-7bf5-48e9-879b-bbde9a9e9ab9

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-d26e3505f2452daa926474c7ca23fc78f73a7b20902783174428ff8d6e276baa

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
1489b170-6607-46ae-b724-71ead463752327260fd7-e578-4e6b-94e2-f0a4ee966345b113aeed-a885-47a4-a391-8aba2ef761c0
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3314caf0-c7c0-4e61-9f07-ba494f4dc8c18d52d75d-4e3f-4b65-91d3-8d27232b5d33

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.