CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2014-6278

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Oct 2, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 2.0 10.0. EPSS estimates 99.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 3, 2026.

87.6–89.1Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Sep 30, 2014
Updated
Dec 30, 2025
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    debian

    Record text: GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: GNU Bash OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    GNU Bash OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.62% probability · 99.95th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.996210000000; percentile 0.999460000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Oct 2, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.62%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 3, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 3, 2026

SeverityCVSS 10.0

NVD · CVSS 2.0 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
debianOriginal assertion
Record text

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

GNU Bash OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
GNU Bash OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.62% probability · 99.95th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.996210000000; percentile 0.999460000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
28Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
28Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

debian · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONgnubashVulnerable target · 28 assertions
Version 1.14.0; Version 1.14.1; Version 1.14.2; Version 1.14.3; Version 1.14.4; Version 1.14.5; Version 1.14.6; Version 1.14.7; Version 2.0; Version 2.01; Version 2.01.1; Version 2.02; Version 2.02.1; Version 2.03; Version 2.04; Version 2.05; Version 3.0; Version 3.0.16; Version 3.1; Version 3.2; Version 3.2.48; Version 4.0; Version 4.1; Version 4.2; Version 4.3Canonical identity product-033ef71a6bfd258daf75eb7efa2b106e674e5a5fa3c39d1df8786e083871deb3Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fcac75df-fff7-4721-9d47-6e29a5ccb7c8
  2. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b5428d5a-7443-4bdd-9690-e44dbdbcac9e
  3. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    972bda0a-25c8-4c02-8624-07d2462c214c
  4. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.03:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2e37a5d0-79eb-442d-b4b8-49f5137a3fa9
  5. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fcf4b4bb-c5a0-4283-9657-fc61bc95c014
  6. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.05:b:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    097c61c9-4761-4d8f-9590-376fc1a5522b
  7. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.05:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0f027515-a126-4899-b78e-121c8312002f
  8. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.02.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c7e516f7-b6c6-4a0b-90f4-bc0f382e62e4
  9. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.05:a:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ac05a483-fafd-4c40-85bc-d2ee907b2b54
  10. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 18
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fca81069-36e0-4035-b31f-a5281e10c760
  11. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 20
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    88731dff-b0b1-4325-a662-287d5e6e7265
  12. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5c74dae6-8a77-47bf-b3ed-d76cd5ad75bb
  13. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9b04cbbd-e855-48d7-a5c9-aec2b38ff1f4
  14. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.01:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8b631b7e-c59d-444f-80ce-dc2345a56e97
  15. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 25
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    37cb667f-26c8-46fa-81ce-1f6909ac006d
  16. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    18a6e8c3-334d-443b-8ad6-f8a131490f4c
  17. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:4.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 24
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    202b9db4-80dc-4d1c-8da8-c06e89ff542a
  18. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.04:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ae919509-57b0-4d13-9503-943d5bfed620
  19. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:3.2.48:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 22
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3fa313d8-2b28-4c73-a96b-7814c37f0725
  20. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5b9ede56-a8c4-40a8-9d14-f6e86f464bd7
  21. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:3.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 19
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bc216c39-2ea0-4b58-87ea-81a737e5d2e4
  22. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 26
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    755984ab-d061-45f0-8845-d7b78ba506e5
  23. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.01.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    91c8e637-ad10-4854-ad60-a908d017dda8
  24. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:1.14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    dab4b8e1-e013-4db5-af65-70cc2aec3b20
  25. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 21
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a7bb3ece-0e83-45eb-ac27-ba29e2c52d1a
  26. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 27
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bc1dac9f-711c-47ea-9bbc-0edb2af0a1ac
  27. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 23
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    43630818-4a62-4766-aadc-ab87be1c5553
  28. cpe:2.3:a:gnu:bash:2.02:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    75ab7456-89e4-4f40-82d0-eed52caee670

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-ce0a6137728edb55b880ea27b2d87517ea80c349daf77b7a40a61473d57af2da · product-033ef71a6bfd258daf75eb7efa2b106e674e5a5fa3c39d1df8786e083871deb3

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
28
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
059ea9ef-e6e6-40bc-84ac-d51ac03b2cdc0693c159-7548-4760-8343-d6f5b3a506f9112983f0-99e9-42fb-aae9-18457ce1cb0713511376-b71a-4b85-b824-346b5ba349442a86e692-7a12-4b0b-a2f7-83d4bc38de6f40a2acb1-b1f7-4de0-8ba9-40bbf37161ce46470979-c75e-4b48-afd1-101b20e6f5d0473bb518-2754-4d79-8723-4157c45d0cdc53b9bf6b-6160-4984-8d2f-38c60c1d427161dbf885-5d2b-4b07-9783-0fc806728a667748f5ca-5f71-48d5-b5cf-f8cdb763d1337f6efd7c-4629-435c-8fe8-cca4739eaa9b8e62e6f7-a301-4b24-87bc-8d96543ecaad91f77a66-7730-4a31-b4bb-a034fd5364b79eb1db3f-a3ac-48ce-a88a-8264c0ac0735a82760a1-975b-4548-9f4e-d684f9d60775b2e3d168-53c1-4c29-bea1-f95a9795665fb54582a4-b016-4815-9fce-9231a06e804ec4826b29-f363-4e70-8516-dfe637eb73c6c4f92edd-aa60-4971-81f8-dea81ae571b4c75bbd7c-be82-4b46-a3a9-3fd20f603779d3b76b81-0f99-493a-b16e-bbbbae8df234d3eea5ea-51c9-4d7b-8353-3c1df2e2c6e6d6ce4c9f-762b-4d96-acd0-8d32b422be4ada1b626a-c3a4-4b3a-a1d2-bacac53a47c1eabeae96-9b38-4304-b5e2-d4150d179c59efe33b39-be63-47d4-adf1-999c63325b19fc4c7008-2798-48f0-84d2-c4c0dafe5dec
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
a2725048-d8e0-4b1b-a578-fa1f01697488

Assessments

CVSS by origin

10.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.