CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2016-0752

Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 allows…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 25, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.5. EPSS estimates 95.5% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

85.5–86.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method and providing a .. (dot dot) in a pathname.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Feb 16, 2016
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

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    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

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    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    redhat

    Record text: Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method and providing a .. (dot dot) in a pathname.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method and providing a .. (dot dot) in a pathname.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Ruby on Rails Directory Traversal Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Ruby on Rails Directory Traversal Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 95.54% probability · 99.86th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.955370000000; percentile 0.998640000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 25, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood95.54%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.5

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

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Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

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Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
redhatOriginal assertion
Record text

Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method and providing a .. (dot dot) in a pathname.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Directory traversal vulnerability in Action View in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.1, 4.0.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.14.1, 4.2.x before 4.2.5.1, and 5.x before 5.0.0.beta1.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method and providing a .. (dot dot) in a pathname.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Ruby on Rails Directory Traversal Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Ruby on Rails Directory Traversal Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

95.54% probability · 99.86th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.955370000000; percentile 0.998640000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
9Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
9Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 4 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

7 scope groups

redhat · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 8.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c11e6fb0-c8c0-4527-9aa0-cb9b316f8f43
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMopensuseleapVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 42.1Canonical identity product-c27aedc6088fe47e75f3a72d532ce7dcfb4a151fd6deaeecc763cf1d10026925Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:leap:42.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4863be36-d16a-4d75-90d9-fd76db5b48b7
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMopensuseopensuseVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 13.2Canonical identity product-66ca8198d1887ac9754d1aad85d76f1edfc54c873eb2cd9bedf566863f5e07bdLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:opensuse:13.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    03117df1-3bec-4b8d-ad63-dbbdb2126081
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONredhatsoftware_collectionsVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 1.0Canonical identity product-ca784b1cfa46e7693787bdfda9b774a55e292d3cbfbb2944f6927553fd92cf5dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:redhat:software_collections:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9d7ee4b6-a6ec-4b9b-91df-79615796673f
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONrubyonrailsrailsVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 3.2.22.1); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.0.0, < 4.1.14.1); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.2.0, < 4.2.5.1); Version 5.0.0Canonical identity product-e0b2336b1b5768960b78c5b0df1c79cecfd01efda2b64bf7cb6745f74a8180eaLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 3.2.22.1
    Match ID
    e62190cb-5109-46aa-b58c-b3a11667a0ad
  2. cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.0.0; through excluding 4.1.14.1
    Match ID
    65bd90f9-5a0c-4a1f-ab48-30fc68a3329f
  3. cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.2.0; through excluding 4.2.5.1
    Match ID
    b405a97a-7c41-4005-8e72-56f632d72b9e
  4. cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:5.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    af8f94cf-d504-4165-a69e-3f1198cb162a
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsuselinux_enterprise_module_for_containersVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 12Canonical identity product-82f1ef1449658a4b8a1dbb5be6a79d0054fde054f72e8f5eec5723eb57219631Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_module_for_containers:12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e9772014-5321-4ab8-9525-a94797c993b2

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

6 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
671ed505-4371-4bb6-96f1-952d3722555d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-f98e1750e4b030e2bb71130d14421ff255427227a8b696c92978cf6c77fc265d · product-66ca8198d1887ac9754d1aad85d76f1edfc54c873eb2cd9bedf566863f5e07bd

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7064b8f8-2ac2-4fab-a7a9-65f32d790152
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6bbcd126779403146e957d68529786b086421e0676d9e90a4d53d03594694fb2 · product-82f1ef1449658a4b8a1dbb5be6a79d0054fde054f72e8f5eec5723eb57219631

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0df2ae2f-ee82-4ccd-9c4c-363a4ceeb293
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-f98e1750e4b030e2bb71130d14421ff255427227a8b696c92978cf6c77fc265d · product-c27aedc6088fe47e75f3a72d532ce7dcfb4a151fd6deaeecc763cf1d10026925

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
98f66c5c-bd55-4303-84c5-4aae4faf90ab
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-ca784b1cfa46e7693787bdfda9b774a55e292d3cbfbb2944f6927553fd92cf5d

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5c4451f1-b720-4307-acc0-ed3661b291d5
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c884ab6960fef9facc93a81d5deee1e870114931f18f9e460b66e86bae0c6b9b · product-e0b2336b1b5768960b78c5b0df1c79cecfd01efda2b64bf7cb6745f74a8180ea

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
074837b4-6ba0-46ed-9762-0d748acf08ee988b573a-3964-47af-b709-e0a191a8b590a9d5acbc-98d3-41fa-b5c5-00b5b570c340fe6226ce-98e6-4d9b-8454-a5d09c7c7c54
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
e1f19c6b-c684-4748-9b4a-9147bd4edee7

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
7.5
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.5
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.5Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.