CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2016-10033

The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 7, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 99.7% exploit likelihood as of Jul 18, 2026.

89.8–90.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 30, 2016
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
96%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: PHPMailer Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    PHPMailer Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.71% probability · 99.95th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.997140000000; percentile 0.999510000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 7, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.71%

FIRST EPSS · score date Jul 18, 2026 · 100th percentile · first observed Jul 19, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

PHPMailer Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
PHPMailer Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.71% probability · 99.95th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.997140000000; percentile 0.999510000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
3Underlying assertions
3Canonical products
3Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 3 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

mitre · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONjoomlajoomla!Vulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.5.0, <= 3.6.5)Canonical identity product-eb971cd37208d3d4dbd4213bd9e8ae22fdc5e7d9726a3f76b3d073ac5cacf04bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:joomla:joomla\!:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.5.0; through including 3.6.5
    Match ID
    0cd26a61-1228-43ac-aeaf-20bf83345f2d
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONphpmailer_projectphpmailerVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 5.2.18)Canonical identity product-83452dd5cbb2d55bef0129d215a8dc0ce79bb993049df3b8262cedc2a292a8b5Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:phpmailer_project:phpmailer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 5.2.18
    Match ID
    9cff1e1e-0f95-442c-b121-b438985e64c8
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONwordpresswordpressVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 4.7)Canonical identity product-b1b5bbda5f301f67002fbc762f97e07cb7b5ed6bfeafb63fb184a434cb74fbe8Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:wordpress:wordpress:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 4.7
    Match ID
    5c55f44c-4a71-4c47-9908-071a23d46939

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

3 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-11c1b5f144798bd24c31d7c0d9af969b054d9ad3be4adffaa08bd5301f422ec0 · product-83452dd5cbb2d55bef0129d215a8dc0ce79bb993049df3b8262cedc2a292a8b5

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8cbe789a-1015-44f4-bdb5-af386870af7e
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-1b8e618cef4e57927960b022eece1cf7dd6bedac97e535b6fbf5b66ca5d709ac · product-b1b5bbda5f301f67002fbc762f97e07cb7b5ed6bfeafb63fb184a434cb74fbe8

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d12e0650-8de3-46d0-a58a-ac459e846755
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-285452b7f652f677e7177608e5a0294346308be8a626ef585783af3c56fcdcdc · product-eb971cd37208d3d4dbd4213bd9e8ae22fdc5e7d9726a3f76b3d073ac5cacf04b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
23d03d03-0842-41ee-9f86-e737d82d0ba4
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
28656821-6084-4215-81da-17a8561ee20b

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.