CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2016-4117

Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in May 2016.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 3, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 94.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

86.6–92.1Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in May 2016.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
May 11, 2016
Updated
Nov 17, 2025
Evidence coverage
86%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    adobe

    Record text: Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in May 2016.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in May 2016.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Adobe Flash Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Adobe Flash Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 94.35% probability · 99.84th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.943540000000; percentile 0.998430000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD9.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
NVD10.0CVSS 2.0 · source date omitted
CVE Program source7.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 3, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood94.35%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.8th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

adobeOriginal assertion
Record text

Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in May 2016.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.226 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in May 2016.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Adobe Flash Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Adobe Flash Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

94.35% probability · 99.84th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.943540000000; percentile 0.998430000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
16Underlying assertions
9Canonical products
16Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 3 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

10 scope groups

adobe · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeflash_playerVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 21.0.0.226)Canonical identity product-1f43dd2fb9df2cb64d1a717194e5325cf3f2d14dbb24ebbb35d9226a3dc1cbe7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:flash_player:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 21.0.0.226
    Match ID
    a1c74ef5-8d72-403b-aa35-f5d4fca3bfe0
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMopensuseevergreenVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 11.4Canonical identity product-debea2d7a974c123c23bbeef1fe0b2b5bc3612849f8df3170a940e68a9bcdfb9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:evergreen:11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cce4d64e-8c4b-4f21-a9b0-90637c85c1d0
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMopensuseopensuseVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 13.1; Version 13.2Canonical identity product-66ca8198d1887ac9754d1aad85d76f1edfc54c873eb2cd9bedf566863f5e07bdLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:opensuse:13.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    03117df1-3bec-4b8d-ad63-dbbdb2126081
  2. cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:opensuse:13.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a10bc294-9196-425f-9fb0-b1625465b47f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_desktopVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-ebce605e64c58caa7df6a30e91702332cd8c0be8f801e44353e6350e913ec5aeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ee249e1b-a1fd-4e08-aa71-a0e1f10ffe97
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    133aafa7-af42-4d7b-8822-aa2e85611bf5
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_serverVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-8db20157ede2f731f576213a7e555a24d2424bb17aed8e43ad9b77c3587f9deaLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9bbcd86a-e6c7-4444-9d74-f861084090f0
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    54d669d4-6d7e-449d-80c1-28fa44f06ffe
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_server_from_rhuiVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-97a1380f0ac22d5543df434518bceb2f4b47c884bd4e990396f64e72afa98accLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_from_rhui:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8821e5fe-319d-40ab-a515-d56c1893e6f8
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_from_rhui:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0ae981d4-0ca1-46fa-8e91-e1a4d5b31383
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_workstationVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-b2aa744c9fb2b4ef0e3b842acbf37879ad4ac43af291292cfb0906170b204ab9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_workstation:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e5ed5807-55b7-47c5-97a6-03233f4fbc3a
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_workstation:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d0ac5cd5-6e58-433c-9eb3-6dfe5656463e
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsuselinux_enterprise_desktopVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 12Canonical identity product-908c58b965f5cdd7f6621821fd6c68d62c5a5ce89de01a9e91af7286e0b17d41Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_desktop:12:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3a0ba503-3f96-48da-af47-fba37a9d0c48
  2. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_desktop:12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d2df4815-b8cb-4ad3-b91d-2e09a8e318e9
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsuselinux_enterprise_workstation_extensionVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 12Canonical identity product-6e046fb997f096ca9d3ba77e0e7dba3aad0205129bb30ab70c401b282bcd0f8dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_workstation_extension:12:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ed540469-c4dd-485d-9b89-6877b2a74217
  2. cpe:2.3:o:suse:linux_enterprise_workstation_extension:12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    028aba8f-4e7b-4cd0-b6fc-3a0941e254ba

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

9 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-1f43dd2fb9df2cb64d1a717194e5325cf3f2d14dbb24ebbb35d9226a3dc1cbe7

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
31036143-ddf0-42c5-9d90-d54cbfed27a6
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-f98e1750e4b030e2bb71130d14421ff255427227a8b696c92978cf6c77fc265d · product-66ca8198d1887ac9754d1aad85d76f1edfc54c873eb2cd9bedf566863f5e07bd

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8ae04ecc-431c-4ab1-809e-edc170738e3fd9f88fa4-08c0-454e-8122-ecd4afb1b730
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6bbcd126779403146e957d68529786b086421e0676d9e90a4d53d03594694fb2 · product-6e046fb997f096ca9d3ba77e0e7dba3aad0205129bb30ab70c401b282bcd0f8d

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0db22e90-d228-4420-87aa-113879c2bc49e99f2366-cedc-4791-a61a-8fa44afa6ffc
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-8db20157ede2f731f576213a7e555a24d2424bb17aed8e43ad9b77c3587f9dea

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
07b3cb13-09fd-4020-b844-d990aeb9efc92cca4611-11fb-424b-910a-fc68170bffb2
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6bbcd126779403146e957d68529786b086421e0676d9e90a4d53d03594694fb2 · product-908c58b965f5cdd7f6621821fd6c68d62c5a5ce89de01a9e91af7286e0b17d41

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
1f0f2a50-6761-4424-8b8b-be39c8db47537ef32817-09a0-4bd6-953d-f7fca1417ea9
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-97a1380f0ac22d5543df434518bceb2f4b47c884bd4e990396f64e72afa98acc

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
12f1a378-99e7-46a1-b522-80704f8443b1e219c9f7-d450-4135-b144-89fdd552f3e8
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-b2aa744c9fb2b4ef0e3b842acbf37879ad4ac43af291292cfb0906170b204ab9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8600d73b-d5e5-4004-b06a-883ecf34610fdbf0e869-bde6-4923-bdee-c779ee8f2bbf
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-f98e1750e4b030e2bb71130d14421ff255427227a8b696c92978cf6c77fc265d · product-debea2d7a974c123c23bbeef1fe0b2b5bc3612849f8df3170a940e68a9bcdfb9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
fbe2e7dd-40ae-4fd9-8fbc-fc59d09c4f49
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-ebce605e64c58caa7df6a30e91702332cd8c0be8f801e44353e6350e913ec5ae

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
63574580-b8f3-4547-ba98-bfd6cdc1f85b9245edfa-a8a8-46d9-a2e1-9acdce3e980c
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
27ddca86-04c0-4fd9-8aef-f111187963c4

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.