Evidence dossier

CVE-2016-6415

The server IKEv1 implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2 through 12.4 and 15.0 through 15.6, IOS XE through 3.18S, IOS XR 4.3.x and 5.0.x through 5.2.x, and PIX before 7.0 allows…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 19, 2023). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.5. EPSS estimates 87.3% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

81.6–82.7Priority evidence range

Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

The server IKEv1 implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2 through 12.4 and 15.0 through 15.6, IOS XE through 3.18S, IOS XR 4.3.x and 5.0.x through 5.2.x, and PIX before 7.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory via a Security Association (SA) negotiation request, aka Bug IDs CSCvb29204 and CSCvb36055 or BENIGNCERTAIN.

State: PUBLISHED
Published: Sep 19, 2016
Updated: Jan 12, 2026
Evidence coverage: 97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CISA-ADP
Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Original evidence ↗
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
cisco
Record text: The server IKEv1 implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2 through 12.4 and 15.0 through 15.6, IOS XE through 3.18S, IOS XR 4.3.x and 5.0.x through 5.2.x, and PIX before 7.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory via a Security Association (SA) negotiation request, aka Bug IDs CSCvb29204 and CSCvb36055 or BENIGNCERTAIN.
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
The server IKEv1 implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2 through 12.4 and 15.0 through 15.6, IOS XE through 3.18S, IOS XR 4.3.x and 5.0.x through 5.2.x, and PIX before 7.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory via a Security Association (SA) negotiation request, aka Bug IDs CSCvb29204 and CSCvb36055 or BENIGNCERTAIN.
Original evidence ↗
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CVE Program
Record text: CVE Program Container
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Original evidence ↗
Source dateJul 16, 2026First observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CISA KEV
Exploitation cataloged: Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE IKEv1 Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE IKEv1 Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Original evidence ↗
Source dateAug 27, 2026First observed by CASCAAug 27, 2026
FIRST EPSS
EPSS score: 87.31% probability · 99.74th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.873130000000; percentile 0.997400000000
Original evidence ↗

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 19, 2023 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood87.31%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.7th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.5

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1

Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision: casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment

Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

ciscoOriginal assertion

Record text

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: The server IKEv1 implementation in Cisco IOS 12.2 through 12.4 and 15.0 through 15.6, IOS XE through 3.18S, IOS XR 4.3.x and 5.0.x through 5.2.x, and PIX before 7.0 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from device memory via a Security Association (SA) negotiation request, aka Bug IDs CSCvb29204 and CSCvb36055 or BENIGNCERTAIN.

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

CVE ProgramDerivative copy

Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: CVE Program Container

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

CISA KEVOriginal assertion

Exploitation cataloged

Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE IKEv1 Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion

Field: observed_exploitation
Value: Cisco IOS, IOS XR, and IOS XE IKEv1 Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Source dateJul 16, 2026First observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion

EPSS score

87.31% probability · 99.74th percentile

Inspect raw assertion

Field: model_probability
Value: Probability 0.873130000000; percentile 0.997400000000

Source dateAug 27, 2026First observed by CASCAAug 27, 2026Original evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →

5Underlying assertions

3Canonical products

5Target assertions

0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries

Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

Search scopeRoleOfficial link state

4 scope groups

cisco · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope

Affected: n/a

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]

NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscoiosVulnerable target · 2 assertions

Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.2, <= 12.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.0, <= 15.6)Canonical identity product-5972f4392170d0d1b4e75a10eb3b383835ead601c8d9b09329525407a4e1471aLinked exact

Scope supported

Inspect raw assertions

cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 1
Logic
OR
Version bounds
from including 15.0; through including 15.6
Match ID
650eb42c-d85f-482b-972d-7dcac210dc48
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 0
Logic
OR
Version bounds
from including 12.2; through including 12.4
Match ID
fbb64d7e-7c96-4a3d-ba83-60ee8d5dfb21

NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscoios_xeVulnerable target · 1 assertions

Any version (unconstrained) (<= 3.18s)Canonical identity product-cc06181059d0f387414dd5737700c03a38fe93d65d4a541ac9744a37c25c9f59Linked exact

Scope supported

Inspect raw assertion

cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xe:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 2
Logic
OR
Version bounds
through including 3.18s
Match ID
1cf4229b-4f27-41d9-9bf8-75f307576af3

NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscoios_xrVulnerable target · 2 assertions

Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.3.0, <= 4.3.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.0.0, < 5.3.0)Canonical identity product-a70ec7fc7d464008f2ddd19bcef52a09c444f9b0cbe4a0ab86461995673f4a82Linked exact

Scope supported

Inspect raw assertions

cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xr:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 3
Logic
OR
Version bounds
from including 4.3.0; through including 4.3.4
Match ID
9d4147b1-65f8-4c30-b815-086cd9d1fefa
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xr:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 4
Logic
OR
Version bounds
from including 5.0.0; through excluding 5.3.0
Match ID
62224c6b-bea3-4be7-b499-73e28718eb85

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

3 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-5972f4392170d0d1b4e75a10eb3b383835ead601c8d9b09329525407a4e1471a

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

199288d6-d738-4e30-acfe-fa6a3d6b074a3108166a-c620-4e2e-aa17-cbedfafda2f8

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-a70ec7fc7d464008f2ddd19bcef52a09c444f9b0cbe4a0ab86461995673f4a82

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

007e0349-dccd-4e5e-a2eb-54506951365fff340a07-8db6-4480-b1f5-fe43d0892a78

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-cc06181059d0f387414dd5737700c03a38fe93d65d4a541ac9744a37c25c9f59

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

6d44bf02-df73-4245-be9a-9f0c233cd1db

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class: Direct cve affected
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

97827952-870c-456b-ac0d-99b0ea2d0534

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5

NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

5.0

NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N

7.5

CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

7.5

CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.5Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Validation: Valid match
Recomputed: 7.5
Decision reason: Evidence supported
Policy: casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.