CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2016-7855

Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 23.0.0.205 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.643 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 3, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 25.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

77.3–78.2Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 23.0.0.205 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.643 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Nov 1, 2016
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    adobe

    Record text: Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 23.0.0.205 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.643 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 23.0.0.205 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.643 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Adobe Flash Player Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Adobe Flash Player Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 25.2% probability · 97.77th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.251980000000; percentile 0.977720000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 3, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood25.20%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 97.8th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

adobeOriginal assertion
Record text

Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 23.0.0.205 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.643 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Use-after-free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 23.0.0.205 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.643 on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Adobe Flash Player Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Adobe Flash Player Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

25.2% probability · 97.77th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.251980000000; percentile 0.977720000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
25Underlying assertions
12Canonical products
11Target assertions
14Constraint assertions

Grouped from 9 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

13 scope groups

adobe · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeflash_playerVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 11.2.202.637); Any version (unconstrained) (<= 23.0.0.185)Canonical identity product-1f43dd2fb9df2cb64d1a717194e5325cf3f2d14dbb24ebbb35d9226a3dc1cbe7Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:flash_player:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 23.0.0.185
    Match ID
    e43f3177-cf1c-41ef-8c6e-61177a79beea
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:flash_player:*:*:*:*:*:edge:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 23.0.0.185
    Match ID
    17ec9d4e-b2be-413a-a682-03dfa8e93a6b
  3. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:flash_player:*:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 11.2.202.637
    Match ID
    aeaf53e4-99e9-4554-b79c-a84527b631cf
  4. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:flash_player:*:*:*:*:*:chrome:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 23.0.0.185
    Match ID
    72678265-8bf8-4c66-b910-84e7c3961b18
  5. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:flash_player:*:*:*:*:*:internet_explorer:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 23.0.0.185
    Match ID
    e97950e9-801b-46b5-af10-384ade92c567
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemac_os_xEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-94613e1f5039e71a9805f20421d56ac6a61e2707d3f97a08fdf6823a65dc7b76Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4781bf1e-8a4e-4aff-9540-23d523ee30dd
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4781bf1e-8a4e-4aff-9540-23d523ee30dd
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMgooglechrome_osEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-b52d99a799eb1164ea8aa4323a348a4e22f9a18f12d38b746456eb597b7a5d3dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:google:chrome_os:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d32acf6f-5ff7-4815-8ead-4719f5fc9b79
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMlinuxlinux_kernelEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    703af700-7a70-47e2-bc3a-7fd03b3ca9c1
  2. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    703af700-7a70-47e2-bc3a-7fd03b3ca9c1
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindowsEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-6a798dc931affc038ba266631a506d54b455ffebd96b4fae68f77b6bd7aef178Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2572d17-1de6-457b-99cc-64afd54487ea
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2572d17-1de6-457b-99cc-64afd54487ea
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_10Environmental constraint · 3 assertions
Version 1511; Version 1607; Version not applicableCanonical identity product-706d745b7981e13adc9253e654169f399f239fa0f1df2a375eb22fb6bc44afceLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e01a4cca-4c43-46e0-90e6-3e4dbfbacd64
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    21540673-614a-4d40-8bd7-3f07723803b0
  3. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1511:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    232581cc-130a-4c62-a7e9-2ec9a9364d53
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_8.1Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-7e46de82012029583622f69d79b86bc210b5bd25b8cb3bb4468936702b23c4b0Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e93068db-549b-45ab-8e5c-00eb5d8b5cf8
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_rt_8.1Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-076c7e47c78d9425d54dea0b063ed7cd79e5f9f0bfdb3c9153b8aec4e71a7ad9Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c6ce5198-c498-4672-af4c-77ab4be06c5c
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_server_2012Environmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicable; Version r2Canonical identity product-5a80416e92fed0cddbb3d4f3840218b448dee11159824ad25a0353da566963feLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    db18c4ce-5917-401e-acf7-2747084fd36e
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a7df96f8-ba6a-4780-9ca3-f719b3f81074
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_desktopVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-ebce605e64c58caa7df6a30e91702332cd8c0be8f801e44353e6350e913ec5aeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ee249e1b-a1fd-4e08-aa71-a0e1f10ffe97
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    133aafa7-af42-4d7b-8822-aa2e85611bf5
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_serverVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-8db20157ede2f731f576213a7e555a24d2424bb17aed8e43ad9b77c3587f9deaLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9bbcd86a-e6c7-4444-9d74-f861084090f0
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    54d669d4-6d7e-449d-80c1-28fa44f06ffe
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_workstationVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 5.0; Version 6.0Canonical identity product-b2aa744c9fb2b4ef0e3b842acbf37879ad4ac43af291292cfb0906170b204ab9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_workstation:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e5ed5807-55b7-47c5-97a6-03233f4fbc3a
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_workstation:5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d0ac5cd5-6e58-433c-9eb3-6dfe5656463e

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

4 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-1f43dd2fb9df2cb64d1a717194e5325cf3f2d14dbb24ebbb35d9226a3dc1cbe7

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
15321f60-492d-48ac-b987-744a8aaacc061acf5a70-f695-469d-8fd6-0015e2789baa77fd0c6b-e698-4c23-970b-3fb7dcde5782a7f486d5-2dc7-4d1c-b0c4-bdfcae4a92f7e7c8bdaf-f11c-4e87-97eb-2a9c6968433b
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-8db20157ede2f731f576213a7e555a24d2424bb17aed8e43ad9b77c3587f9dea

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0f99349a-8487-457b-85c2-44b041464931db1e634b-274f-4464-a4d2-010b1a80e9c4
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-b2aa744c9fb2b4ef0e3b842acbf37879ad4ac43af291292cfb0906170b204ab9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b8deeb6e-1004-4ce5-9d77-16832cb5136ac621cde3-3152-4752-9083-696ebc912156
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-ebce605e64c58caa7df6a30e91702332cd8c0be8f801e44353e6350e913ec5ae

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
05a02ae8-a76a-4600-8cd0-3f6f728a511f5d4871b8-5794-4cf7-922f-25b5f3ad6cc2
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
c562c405-433e-4833-94b8-39db2ea8854b

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.