CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2017-8291

Artifex Ghostscript through 2017-04-26 allows -dSAFER bypass and remote command execution via .rsdparams type confusion with a "/OutputFile (%pipe%" substring in a crafted .eps…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 24, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 96.1% exploit likelihood as of Jul 26, 2026.

86.1–86.7Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Artifex Ghostscript through 2017-04-26 allows -dSAFER bypass and remote command execution via .rsdparams type confusion with a "/OutputFile (%pipe%" substring in a crafted .eps document that is an input to the gs program, as exploited in the wild in April 2017.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 27, 2017
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: Artifex Ghostscript through 2017-04-26 allows -dSAFER bypass and remote command execution via .rsdparams type confusion with a "/OutputFile (%pipe%" substring in a crafted .eps document that is an input to the gs program, as exploited in the wild in April 2017.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Artifex Ghostscript through 2017-04-26 allows -dSAFER bypass and remote command execution via .rsdparams type confusion with a "/OutputFile (%pipe%" substring in a crafted .eps document that is an input to the gs program, as exploited in the wild in April 2017.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Artifex Ghostscript Type Confusion Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Artifex Ghostscript Type Confusion Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 96.14% probability · 99.87th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.961400000000; percentile 0.998720000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 24, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood96.14%

FIRST EPSS · score date Jul 26, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Jul 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

Artifex Ghostscript through 2017-04-26 allows -dSAFER bypass and remote command execution via .rsdparams type confusion with a "/OutputFile (%pipe%" substring in a crafted .eps document that is an input to the gs program, as exploited in the wild in April 2017.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Artifex Ghostscript through 2017-04-26 allows -dSAFER bypass and remote command execution via .rsdparams type confusion with a "/OutputFile (%pipe%" substring in a crafted .eps document that is an input to the gs program, as exploited in the wild in April 2017.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Artifex Ghostscript Type Confusion Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Artifex Ghostscript Type Confusion Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

96.14% probability · 99.87th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.961400000000; percentile 0.998720000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
20Underlying assertions
8Canonical products
20Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 3 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

9 scope groups

mitre · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONartifexghostscriptVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 9.21)Canonical identity product-89d6b69a04cf5c6fa36a8917314a5dbd437063ff580b8f165d35a799b77688f4Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:artifex:ghostscript:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 9.21
    Match ID
    88cc361c-4956-4459-80d6-6abd1e29cd31
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 8.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c11e6fb0-c8c0-4527-9aa0-cb9b316f8f43
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_desktopVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 6.0; Version 7.0Canonical identity product-ebce605e64c58caa7df6a30e91702332cd8c0be8f801e44353e6350e913ec5aeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    33c068a4-3780-4eab-a937-6082df847564
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ee249e1b-a1fd-4e08-aa71-a0e1f10ffe97
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_eusVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Version 7.3; Version 7.4; Version 7.5; Version 7.6; Version 7.7Canonical identity product-8abf8d7f0342f690712d750b6cf7fbf4068eb0134c40a51c5b57b074f81c6378Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5bf3c7a5-9117-42c7-bea1-4aa378a582ef
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f96e3779-f56a-45ff-bb3d-4980527d721e
  3. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    807c024a-f8e8-4b48-a349-4c68cd252ca1
  4. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:7.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    83737173-e12e-4641-bc49-0bd84a6b29d0
  5. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0cf73560-2f5b-4723-a8a1-9aadbb3ada00
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_serverVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 6.0; Version 7.0Canonical identity product-8db20157ede2f731f576213a7e555a24d2424bb17aed8e43ad9b77c3587f9deaLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    51ef4996-72f4-4fa4-814f-f5991e7a8318
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9bbcd86a-e6c7-4444-9d74-f861084090f0
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_server_ausVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Version 7.3; Version 7.4; Version 7.6; Version 7.7Canonical identity product-7120df83a9b73aae2817084ac2070ecc7d1fbfcada23076a424824e660688aaeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    98381e61-f082-4302-b51f-5648884f998b
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b353ce99-d57c-465b-aab0-73ef581127d1
  3. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d99a687e-eae6-417e-a88e-d0082bc194cd
  4. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_aus:7.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7431abc1-9252-419e-8cc1-311b41360078
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_server_tusVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Version 7.3; Version 7.6; Version 7.7Canonical identity product-bc6ac9f1e87a668175a638bad6013a05d2210c8abe7977a8f8f0948257ba71daLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_tus:7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    24c0f4e1-c52c-41e0-9f14-f83add5cc7ed
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_tus:7.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    17f256a9-d3b9-4c72-b013-4efd878bfea8
  3. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_server_tus:7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b76aa310-fec7-497f-af04-c3ec1e76c4cc
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMredhatenterprise_linux_workstationVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 6.0; Version 7.0Canonical identity product-b2aa744c9fb2b4ef0e3b842acbf37879ad4ac43af291292cfb0906170b204ab9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_workstation:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    825ece2d-e232-46e0-a047-074b34db1e97
  2. cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_workstation:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e5ed5807-55b7-47c5-97a6-03233f4fbc3a

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

8 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
9265e657-03b2-4cd4-8a74-d01c7d7872eb
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-7120df83a9b73aae2817084ac2070ecc7d1fbfcada23076a424824e660688aae

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
22a9e540-981b-4cc5-8132-626b0dcef9783286f714-b836-4103-948b-bdfca9658efb467ed97e-92a5-4420-9e16-e91071debabea82b562d-f774-4beb-a48a-46a7711b387b
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-7b0f4cb5e033acfe04f7cd82d77c3fb583e1c07ae0c036492918555431943f9f · product-89d6b69a04cf5c6fa36a8917314a5dbd437063ff580b8f165d35a799b77688f4

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8458d98c-0de1-4e0c-856d-cb650bbfb82a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-8abf8d7f0342f690712d750b6cf7fbf4068eb0134c40a51c5b57b074f81c6378

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0aa35b68-5188-4400-a774-b49f83489c106be9c42e-1f2d-40da-a309-36e00ea7e04b92fa1059-3e9e-409f-bf07-77dce1b213a6dfd349c2-dfa5-48f2-be44-3137e1a5fd09e400e8f5-f6d1-4eb8-9113-1cbc8b8ff815
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-8db20157ede2f731f576213a7e555a24d2424bb17aed8e43ad9b77c3587f9dea

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
56c5b763-eee0-43cb-8152-b359d12ba063fb173652-c906-401e-966e-e8dc7ca5725a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-b2aa744c9fb2b4ef0e3b842acbf37879ad4ac43af291292cfb0906170b204ab9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6ae4f54e-7112-4fea-ae85-50d13f6db5b6ea6ca7ee-c87f-49ce-831d-2ca4d466292e
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-bc6ac9f1e87a668175a638bad6013a05d2210c8abe7977a8f8f0948257ba71da

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5566626b-29cb-4ad1-93db-fb08efda022c5b5e75db-18ba-4ba7-8bd8-bb5e21149d99d023258e-0d29-47ae-969b-73414451aa9e
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c759fafc60d6abc1277ecbf1ee6294d1f25ae0a4c7d5d0d9355c414b2db182cc · product-ebce605e64c58caa7df6a30e91702332cd8c0be8f801e44353e6350e913ec5ae

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5cea2c6d-d7fd-4842-bba4-178e7b03c7c8987eab0c-50f1-4493-ad01-ad32db9ec1d8
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
a2435aac-9844-493f-a926-533d9a331ab4

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.