CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2017-9791

CVE-2017-9791

78.6–99.4Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.x and 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message to the ActionMessage.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 10, 2017
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
72%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS98.93%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 99.9%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

apacheoriginal assertion
container

The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.x and 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message to the ActionMessage.

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Apache Struts 1 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.989310000000; percentile 0.999240000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
Apache Software FoundationApache Struts
[{"status": "affected", "version": "2.1.x series"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2.3.x series"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.15.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.16.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.28.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.31:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.32:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
nvd@nist.govCVSS 2.0 · role PrimaryAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.