CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2017-9805

The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 3, 2021). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.1. EPSS estimates 99.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

87.0–87.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Sep 15, 2017
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apache

    Record text: The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apache Struts Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apache Struts Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.4% probability · 99.94th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.993960000000; percentile 0.999380000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 3, 2021 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.40%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.1

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

apacheOriginal assertion
Record text

The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
The REST Plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.1 through 2.3.x before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 uses an XStreamHandler with an instance of XStream for deserialization without any type filtering, which can lead to Remote Code Execution when deserializing XML payloads.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apache Struts Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apache Struts Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.4% probability · 99.94th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.993960000000; percentile 0.999380000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
12Underlying assertions
7Canonical products
12Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 3 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

8 scope groups

apache · source assertedApache Software FoundationApache StrutsDirect source scope
Affected: Apache Struts before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Apache Struts before 2.3.34 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONapachestrutsVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 2.1.2, < 2.3.34); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 2.5.0, < 2.5.13)Canonical identity product-9cd0052bcd831ad951c3a83f953006d77d3ff2278903b02b620cad9fb02389e0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 2.5.0; through excluding 2.5.13
    Match ID
    6b45e858-e783-4d6e-afd3-97e9963eb05b
  2. cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 2.1.2; through excluding 2.3.34
    Match ID
    13744be3-2443-4640-bdb4-722c4d393b65
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONciscodigital_media_managerVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-8cec524fd40fcc7a49efac347b976e0e1f955a858f363918e39cac11289f0b39Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:digital_media_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e0b1e953-33ef-498d-ab75-4a0a7733bc54
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONciscohosted_collaboration_solutionVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Version 10.5(1); Version 11.0(1); Version 11.5(1); Version 11.6(1)Canonical identity product-b64a78056e988d001f56c0aecf1ab3cd5fc3d43a40893211f9026e5a5f995f60Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:11.5\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f972a2a1-3002-4086-8fa2-f231d4ed0b00
  2. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:11.6\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d52c5d91-33d1-4c90-bec9-90d955aa5883
  3. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:10.5\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cf4c9089-0f27-4c66-8e12-2bcac148b7c9
  4. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:hosted_collaboration_solution:11.0\(1\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7fcc3e9d-4d39-4530-a5fc-7e9a4e395d60
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONciscomedia_experience_engineVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 3.5; Version 3.5.2Canonical identity product-f02fa055023fd9f6f046a3d931756668c118feedf21485970055f0aecdec0359Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:media_experience_engine:3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    93c3a3b2-b346-47f4-b987-0098ab95f939
  2. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:media_experience_engine:3.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    87ccec7f-058d-4202-88b3-f06372dffa99
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONcisconetwork_performance_analysisVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-af4592d37c37c62756d5a25432710a13f77ff56fb546fcd9d69f2e827eee493aLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_performance_analysis:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    76d400a4-9918-494e-89b7-eaa57b2830d2
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONciscovideo_distribution_suite_for_internet_streamingVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-882fcf2af7248adf15970d0b07fd3adfba99a26aca4866fb023518d1053005a8Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:cisco:video_distribution_suite_for_internet_streaming:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    912f9c5e-aa5f-4746-ac49-d33c2495c73b
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONnetapponcommand_balanceVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-1e7e71c5224a6f4135c855890a7cd875f6ac32bf0024c6ee2e888da0212d267eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:netapp:oncommand_balance:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7dcbcc5d-c396-47a8-adf4-d3a2c4377fb1

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

7 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d1dcf2e2192106a1eb34744930a80b83005fa5d60195c923256e69ac39974aed · product-1e7e71c5224a6f4135c855890a7cd875f6ac32bf0024c6ee2e888da0212d267e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4f9c2be6-a014-485e-9e9a-556e2f901e06
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-882fcf2af7248adf15970d0b07fd3adfba99a26aca4866fb023518d1053005a8

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2ea8d1da-60a9-48bd-8e7c-c60145793549
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-8cec524fd40fcc7a49efac347b976e0e1f955a858f363918e39cac11289f0b39

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d3b16399-43c3-4050-8a34-6e1344490f46
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-8771dac0ae5eeec984ca23e4bbe5a243fb7896ad7c1c4afc6acd3abe53fdd152 · product-9cd0052bcd831ad951c3a83f953006d77d3ff2278903b02b620cad9fb02389e0

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
66cb1922-f6e7-4718-829d-44b71edc2747f62bb533-b97c-451d-8ed5-24b7c07ee7b5
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-af4592d37c37c62756d5a25432710a13f77ff56fb546fcd9d69f2e827eee493a

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7f49cbb0-7ef0-4a24-b076-5a4a4eb55376
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-b64a78056e988d001f56c0aecf1ab3cd5fc3d43a40893211f9026e5a5f995f60

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0159cbdf-f7d0-40b6-b5f3-476ef2c90d8f77abdbf6-6ccc-4f8d-bef8-ac5ce99f7163b5168290-44e3-4a44-9e39-90deb643497bde4e2f18-a914-4a28-b97c-eca41295617c
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-f02fa055023fd9f6f046a3d931756668c118feedf21485970055f0aecdec0359

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3f12097d-08f8-4957-86e7-beb890d3024596b4df84-b0e2-4462-bc39-77d42b7efc39
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d92b86ea-84b0-4e7d-abb4-96c30b7492ab

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.1
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
8.1
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.1
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.1Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.1
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.