CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2018-0161

A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 3, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 6.3. EPSS estimates 4.7% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

62.7–64.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition, aka a GET MIB Object ID Denial of Service Vulnerability. The vulnerability is due to a condition that could occur when the affected software processes an SNMP read request that contains a request for the ciscoFlashMIB object ID (OID). An attacker could trigger this vulnerability by issuing an SNMP GET request for the ciscoFlashMIB OID on an affected device. A successful exploit could cause the affected device to restart due to a SYS-3-CPUHOG. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco devices if they are running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS Software and are configured to use SNMP Version 2 (SNMPv2) or SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3): Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8P, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8U. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd89541.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Mar 28, 2018
Updated
Jan 12, 2026
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    cisco

    Record text: A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition, aka a GET MIB Object ID Denial of Service Vulnerability. The vulnerability is due to a condition that could occur when the affected software processes an SNMP read request that contains a request for the ciscoFlashMIB object ID (OID). An attacker could trigger this vulnerability by issuing an SNMP GET request for the ciscoFlashMIB OID on an affected device. A successful exploit could cause the affected device to restart due to a SYS-3-CPUHOG. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco devices if they are running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS Software and are configured to use SNMP Version 2 (SNMPv2) or SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3): Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8P, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8U. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd89541.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition, aka a GET MIB Object ID Denial of Service Vulnerability. The vulnerability is due to a condition that could occur when the affected software processes an SNMP read request that contains a request for the ciscoFlashMIB object ID (OID). An attacker could trigger this vulnerability by issuing an SNMP GET request for the ciscoFlashMIB OID on an affected device. A successful exploit could cause the affected device to restart due to a SYS-3-CPUHOG. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco devices if they are running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS Software and are configured to use SNMP Version 2 (SNMPv2) or SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3): Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8P, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8U. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd89541.
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Cisco IOS Software Resource Management Errors Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Cisco IOS Software Resource Management Errors Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 4.67% probability · 91.09th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.046670000000; percentile 0.910870000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 3, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood4.67%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 91.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 6.3

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
ciscoOriginal assertion
Record text

A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition, aka a GET MIB Object ID Denial of Service Vulnerability. The vulnerability is due to a condition that could occur when the affected software processes an SNMP read request that contains a request for the ciscoFlashMIB object ID (OID). An attacker could trigger this vulnerability by issuing an SNMP GET request for the ciscoFlashMIB OID on an affected device. A successful exploit could cause the affected device to restart due to a SYS-3-CPUHOG. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco devices if they are running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS Software and are configured to use SNMP Version 2 (SNMPv2) or SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3): Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8P, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8U. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd89541.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition, aka a GET MIB Object ID Denial of Service Vulnerability. The vulnerability is due to a condition that could occur when the affected software processes an SNMP read request that contains a request for the ciscoFlashMIB object ID (OID). An attacker could trigger this vulnerability by issuing an SNMP GET request for the ciscoFlashMIB OID on an affected device. A successful exploit could cause the affected device to restart due to a SYS-3-CPUHOG. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco devices if they are running a vulnerable release of Cisco IOS Software and are configured to use SNMP Version 2 (SNMPv2) or SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3): Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8P, Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switches 8U. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd89541.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Cisco IOS Software Resource Management Errors Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Cisco IOS Software Resource Management Errors Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

4.67% probability · 91.09th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.046670000000; percentile 0.910870000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
15Underlying assertions
15Canonical products
1Target assertions
14Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

16 scope groups

cisco · source assertedn/aCisco IOSDirect source scope
Affected: Cisco IOS
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Cisco IOS"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-16ps-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-3a73f79d24042d64ad53bde45f8dfcd943c8a2e7e91d65ac9d53b027c6d6e603Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-16ps-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    923b1623-2a33-497b-9238-3f4699e8e4aa
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-16ts-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-84505a1efb07be571cbaf5366489e63d3e909355d3c867a3c6c8f7786748e72bLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-16ts-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    762b1ba4-69fc-4977-a0a8-9323660674a2
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-24pq-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-b0fbb2d248a76de537f7e01575f7de3dd75cdcbec6a83cbdc23dca2bf3359f99Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-24pq-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    343ad12e-387d-4494-9665-45384927c043
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-24ps-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-5a796643b8cf027a050935146113aa010a25996daf48743f595fd733c278d0c7Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-24ps-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f249629f-1a5c-4c12-b956-552a2526a836
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-24tq-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-d1d2b2dad762971265435d88ba4669194591243d77c13461f9a951755bae629eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-24tq-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b6f7347d-c59f-4432-8706-a49732f691d2
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-24ts-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-35271d57c7b759e796b290d374bfda60eeb76a266929ef23c2c55bb4fe64513dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-24ts-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3c9af097-09d6-4388-85ea-5954bd40d6b4
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-48pq-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a34b40d332c3260fd266d3823278bc237da7547d0d85e7d298a9083fa29c87d8Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-48pq-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b7cb5149-90de-4c56-b252-0be74cb84b19
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-48ps-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-8cce0725063cd4ba488a678c6cdf2b4a3891ed3edf9a6e6ec55b87ee0b7a49f6Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-48ps-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    949533d3-6500-49ba-be55-42e1506d3dd6
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-48tq-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a573227a6201ef0dd9feb08fc6feafc813a23185fb668dd680eb645dad2f1251Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-48tq-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    26876a8c-f6c9-4fba-8085-dd9a042cf77d
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-48ts-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-19df0ee39a4061c6fceda817e9fc8ecfe0c5462da964b74e32440cf16d448b21Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-48ts-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    94e5b561-02a2-4f79-8e28-e6a2b5c4f09d
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-8ps-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-0041f7ab946d7babb56daf9664c7c2f514a748eb5e22f092573a828f7b15e46eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-8ps-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1ebe7411-bd02-47a8-99bc-6b701b60a61b
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_2960l-8ts-llEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-e5e8a3d0f8e717cc30cd5b4cb63b632e3ca0867dc7cddfa283b974be1ceabd75Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_2960l-8ts-ll:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    96195b6b-c869-4def-ab5d-704b3d2fc76e
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_digital_building_series_switches-8pEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a8d5224e87d15cfaa5027a097fe2d1314e176096a0c5d9a453bd59d6c311ac94Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_digital_building_series_switches-8p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6a3a9d61-c142-4444-a7ef-a5b31dc9e05a
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscocatalyst_digital_building_series_switches-8uEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-575e9569d202b3644399681036b4c9d591d04c0eed7532fc8f0b118314d473d5Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:catalyst_digital_building_series_switches-8u:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    40dc7d1c-825e-4807-a90a-cf99a4da7cd3
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscoiosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 15.2(5)eCanonical identity product-5972f4392170d0d1b4e75a10eb3b383835ead601c8d9b09329525407a4e1471aLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios:15.2\(5\)e:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f112de64-0042-4fb9-945d-3107468193e5

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-5972f4392170d0d1b4e75a10eb3b383835ead601c8d9b09329525407a4e1471a

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6d3cbdd7-bb42-4843-acb9-0c759a958fd8
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
e220832a-5115-4fef-9aef-f175ab3dd62f

Assessments

CVSS by origin

6.3
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
6.3
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:C
6.3
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
6.3
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

6.3Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
6.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.