CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2018-19949

If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since May 24, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 30.2% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.

75.5–86.5Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 28, 2020
Updated
Oct 2, 2026
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: QNAP NAS File Station Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    QNAP NAS File Station Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    qnap

    Record text: If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 30.16% probability · 98.22th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.301600000000; percentile 0.982200000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date May 24, 2022 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood30.16%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 98.2th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Oct 2, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

QNAP NAS File Station Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
QNAP NAS File Station Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
qnapOriginal assertion
Record text

If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

30.16% probability · 98.22th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.301600000000; percentile 0.982200000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
12Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
12Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

6 scope groups

qnap · source assertedQNAP Systems Inc.QTSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 4.4.2.1231 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "4.4.2.1231", "versionType": "custom"}]
qnap · source assertedQNAP Systems Inc.QTSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 4.4.1.1201 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "4.4.1.1201", "versionType": "custom"}]
qnap · source assertedQNAP Systems Inc.QTSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 4.3.6.1218 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "4.3.6.1218", "versionType": "custom"}]
qnap · source assertedQNAP Systems Inc.QTSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 4.3.4.1190 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "4.3.4.1190", "versionType": "custom"}]
qnap · source assertedQNAP Systems Inc.QTSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 4.3.3.1161 (custom comparison)Affected: unspecified to before 4.2.6 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "4.3.3.1161", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "4.2.6", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMqnapqtsVulnerable target · 12 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 4.2.6); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.3.1.0013, < 4.3.3.1161); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.3.4, < 4.3.4.1190); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.3.6, < 4.3.6.1218); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.4.0, < 4.4.1.1201); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 4.4.2, < 4.4.2.1231); Version 4.2.6Canonical identity product-81578b5d517b13c57b34c6184dee501c7b2e69f5d366148b8e0d95265e548fc9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.3.4; through excluding 4.3.4.1190
    Match ID
    26b1c1d9-d91e-4c02-87a2-1ede2ab4b0bf
  2. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.2.6:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2d3b1e3a-c9e9-4bb8-8bfc-ae1258722f85
  3. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.3.1.0013; through excluding 4.3.3.1161
    Match ID
    dcf2e9d3-12c2-4a5a-bc1d-f2c007303805
  4. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.2.6:build_20190921:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a1f11848-6fed-4d58-a177-36d280c0347c
  5. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.2.6:build_20190322:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1388dbe0-f6bb-44ab-81ac-bfb4e70be820
  6. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.2.6:build_20170517:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8f523e9f-d101-4c29-a624-74e1f3f8cb7d
  7. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.3.6; through excluding 4.3.6.1218
    Match ID
    4a213877-d365-46db-bda1-4daa020af84a
  8. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.4.0; through excluding 4.4.1.1201
    Match ID
    f902afed-e51b-42f2-85bd-db0b19b8c7db
  9. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.2.6:build_20190730:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cf3c4461-c1b6-43a1-ba5e-d6658efd06ee
  10. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 4.4.2; through excluding 4.4.2.1231
    Match ID
    5bf6e081-b28b-4a26-ba59-eb7a66099360
  11. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 4.2.6
    Match ID
    3777f6cc-9189-4bc0-b336-62ba1efb91a7
  12. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.2.6:build_20191107:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f6259c86-ffda-40e8-af0c-33cc8c108dc9

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
05e87b73-7fe3-411f-8fab-6fe9c330b3386a37f923-46b4-4b15-b4d9-3d752430536e72c9269c-9a4e-47f9-9aa7-d1333ff340de9fe5ff57-eeed-4817-85c4-416217a5a09fef7c21b2-7e20-4770-8a2f-d8c8dbb06bd2
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
12
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0bfe861d-bd0a-423d-b0f0-b0aca2ce529c10666ecf-4cda-4643-967b-3193fa4ddab8136ce9b0-ef2b-46d7-bc84-d50580da03c11edd9732-d535-40b5-b2b8-510146de2b1f2521d2b7-8380-435c-bba1-02f9d8a6f2e06492aac6-159b-444f-9468-70b12be9903e6713a19f-24c3-4706-acb9-7a1cc7649cdb872384ff-3470-4f43-b645-f27416c105efbd2fb7fd-5168-4cde-8aa5-18f8baadc022e663060c-b5ba-4b97-8769-c3189f9aaa6fe8e6b266-08ae-402f-be84-c30b4e871c5bfd5f8279-45e9-442f-b4be-c3c4fab9055e

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.