CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2018-4939

Adobe ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions have an exploitable Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 3, 2021). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 62.9% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

83.0–84.5Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Adobe ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions have an exploitable Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
May 19, 2018
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    adobe

    Record text: Adobe ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions have an exploitable Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Adobe ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions have an exploitable Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Adobe ColdFusion Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Adobe ColdFusion Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 62.91% probability · 99.13th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.629130000000; percentile 0.991340000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 3, 2021 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood62.91%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

adobeOriginal assertion
Record text

Adobe ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions have an exploitable Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Adobe ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions have an exploitable Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Adobe ColdFusion Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Adobe ColdFusion Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

62.91% probability · 99.13th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.629130000000; percentile 0.991340000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
20Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
20Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

adobe · source assertedn/aAdobe ColdFusion ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versionsDirect source scope
Affected: Adobe ColdFusion ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Adobe ColdFusion ColdFusion Update 5 and earlier versions, ColdFusion 11 Update 13 and earlier versions"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobecoldfusionVulnerable target · 20 assertions
Version 11.0; Version 2016Canonical identity product-40c507acd7e9f9a6fe8bc1b45cc600068bd553a29d1397a3d2e038f0deeda04dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:2016:update3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e6ec92f3-1ef8-4820-9cd8-ecea03d27a7b
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8e514d95-9287-4a43-9a44-bd6f8edc5da8
  3. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:2016:update4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 18
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d7446d70-d616-4ec1-bc64-41cde56efeae
  4. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update11:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    afe18fea-271a-42fe-8c24-19731deb5444
  5. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    96c50cd1-ce75-4d70-ad65-2db6027d806a
  6. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:2016:update2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    12bae66c-a745-4661-b5bb-7fc2c169cc82
  7. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e217ce63-07dc-4a88-8877-181f33a21c20
  8. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b262f442-ff7f-4cc0-a9c5-ffd0edb08e38
  9. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update9:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    72450205-b4f4-4b44-9991-f4876d829bbd
  10. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update13:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cb398297-da76-4a56-858b-fc69ff220daf
  11. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    827cb550-5078-4fd5-8b1f-616c06912ad9
  12. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:2016:update1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9f3d7c8e-6695-44df-ac9a-1ae09c46c529
  13. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    82f81cf8-1482-4731-ad34-677b8d6b930b
  14. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update12:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    15f7dcf1-d9f2-45c0-b089-e37c91579729
  15. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update10:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2f0907e8-7bc4-4f5a-894c-b7c5f6baaeae
  16. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update8:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    31f22450-f26c-4797-9292-66ca444c0d2c
  17. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7d4bd25e-6856-40ec-98a8-acb540992487
  18. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ae1b1190-4699-4fb0-ad46-df0233b5ba90
  19. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:11.0:update3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    57bbbe71-bbe0-4129-b997-3f9af54bfbd8
  20. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:coldfusion:2016:update5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 19
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    59453b01-eaaf-4291-b2c2-98835f5afe80

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-40c507acd7e9f9a6fe8bc1b45cc600068bd553a29d1397a3d2e038f0deeda04d

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
20
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
08d7e67e-3b11-41b6-9a20-56505573f3ac15b33d1a-786d-440d-aab5-043908875ffd1c7dbe52-3205-4e24-9b52-e5cf17cc6ea42c38e75d-71dd-44b6-8b54-f5462964b47333efe5d9-f4fb-4b4b-8f1a-66e5f5666b4047496aab-ca58-4cc0-a554-6040ddda6aa64aa59e95-6560-4079-a774-310a399b20304beddb21-54cc-49d6-8fb5-919c27cd22485c54a84a-e16e-4c0b-bd7e-fd89daf4c7fb646a31b7-0a49-4c79-b52b-cf88ee58b4626573aa76-8411-4d5a-858c-937d6c1e1b5571eb3246-c850-4971-a669-ccfc4bc9494a77733d98-9dc4-41e8-9887-982e38c63a0477d616c0-c2f1-4a25-81d4-751e155d2fbb90524d4e-4162-4717-96ec-3f72deebf82cc82c4674-0af5-4703-b8e3-f2fbc97a323cca7c4f95-6178-4534-b854-56975742f54dce483926-163b-4e03-9afe-eb52ca12cab5e68bc876-a38a-48f6-8b2f-a3a616ad0ff4f46ddc26-21f9-4866-880a-d97809d49d55
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
a25c0d71-d10f-47a5-8f5e-7b2c5268997d

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.