CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2018-4990

Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Double Free vulnerability.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 8, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 36.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

77.6–78.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Double Free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 9, 2018
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    adobe

    Record text: Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Double Free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Double Free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Adobe Acrobat and Reader Double Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Adobe Acrobat and Reader Double Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 36.61% probability · 98.38th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.366140000000; percentile 0.983790000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 8, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood36.61%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 98.4th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

adobeOriginal assertion
Record text

Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Double Free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Double Free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Adobe Acrobat and Reader Double Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Adobe Acrobat and Reader Double Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

36.61% probability · 98.38th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.366140000000; percentile 0.983790000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
8Underlying assertions
4Canonical products
6Target assertions
2Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

5 scope groups

adobe · source assertedn/aAdobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier versionsDirect source scope
Affected: Adobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier versions
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier versions"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobat_dcVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.006.30060, <= 15.006.30417); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.008.20082, <= 18.011.20038); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.011.30059, <= 17.011.30079)Canonical identity product-d52f4403db2ec33efef1ee4992d557c81863172cde027cc48feadace7f308abeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_dc:*:*:*:*:classic:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.011.30059; through including 17.011.30079
    Match ID
    2a45288f-eb5e-4468-8bc3-58cc75cf8424
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_dc:*:*:*:*:continuous:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.008.20082; through including 18.011.20038
    Match ID
    5f972610-d066-4f69-b5e2-2f0dac4895a1
  3. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_dc:*:*:*:*:classic:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.006.30060; through including 15.006.30417
    Match ID
    86f12fca-328b-40c2-b249-72657a505f74
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobat_reader_dcVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.006.30060, <= 15.006.30417); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.008.20082, <= 18.011.20038); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 17.011.30059, <= 17.011.30079)Canonical identity product-555cc538304e4c7c06c06beb18e8ee52245d2f3acee3e0665299abb4e555a3d9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader_dc:*:*:*:*:classic:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.006.30060; through including 15.006.30417
    Match ID
    7e839ff4-a917-438d-9c32-835e631edada
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader_dc:*:*:*:*:classic:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 17.011.30059; through including 17.011.30079
    Match ID
    e1316d58-8e7e-4ae0-bbe7-4f6618ad7833
  3. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader_dc:*:*:*:*:continuous:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.008.20082; through including 18.011.20038
    Match ID
    f745c3fb-6de7-45fd-ae00-470d80e4e1c8
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemac_os_xEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-94613e1f5039e71a9805f20421d56ac6a61e2707d3f97a08fdf6823a65dc7b76Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0ff5999a-9d12-4cdd-8de9-a89c10b2d574
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindowsEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-6a798dc931affc038ba266631a506d54b455ffebd96b4fae68f77b6bd7aef178Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2cf61f35-5905-4ba9-ad7e-7db261d2f256

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-555cc538304e4c7c06c06beb18e8ee52245d2f3acee3e0665299abb4e555a3d9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
114b2a0a-748a-45d6-9f90-dc8cd87b789a71d8c299-e8cc-4da1-a48e-40af80dd54937e6b4835-33c0-43f4-8ef8-efcf6a6280a2
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-d52f4403db2ec33efef1ee4992d557c81863172cde027cc48feadace7f308abe

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
84f52142-06b7-47f1-ac63-a8ad4e5f13f4893080c2-46b1-4e1f-a53f-104d50f6be04b359e0a3-4ab9-4c75-886d-e4b7fa1c2844
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d93cfd8f-b01a-40fd-aaad-7b2768ab09ce

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.