CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2019-16928

CVE-2019-16928

71.6–92.4Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Sep 27, 2019
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
72%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS41.59%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 98.5%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

mitreoriginal assertion
container

Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Exim Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.415890000000; percentile 0.985270000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
n/an/a
[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:exim:exim:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 4.92; end including 4.92.2supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:19.04:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:31:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
nvd@nist.govCVSS 2.0 · role PrimaryAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.