CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2019-7193

This improper input validation vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary code to the system.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 8, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 14.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

74.7–76.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

This improper input validation vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary code to the system. To fix the vulnerability, QNAP recommend updating QTS to their latest versions.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 5, 2019
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    qnap

    Record text: This improper input validation vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary code to the system. To fix the vulnerability, QNAP recommend updating QTS to their latest versions.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    This improper input validation vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary code to the system. To fix the vulnerability, QNAP recommend updating QTS to their latest versions.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: QNAP QTS Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    QNAP QTS Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 14.37% probability · 96.34th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.143670000000; percentile 0.963430000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 8, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood14.37%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 96.3th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
qnapOriginal assertion
Record text

This improper input validation vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary code to the system. To fix the vulnerability, QNAP recommend updating QTS to their latest versions.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
This improper input validation vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary code to the system. To fix the vulnerability, QNAP recommend updating QTS to their latest versions.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

QNAP QTS Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
QNAP QTS Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

14.37% probability · 96.34th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.143670000000; percentile 0.963430000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
16Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
16Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

qnap · source assertedn/aQNAP NAS devicesDirect source scope
Affected: QTS 4.4.0 - QTS 4.4.1: before build 20190918, QTS 4.3.6: before build 20190919
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "QTS 4.4.0 - QTS 4.4.1: before build 20190918, QTS 4.3.6: before build 20190919"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMqnapqtsVulnerable target · 16 assertions
Version 4.3.6.0895; Version 4.3.6.0907; Version 4.3.6.0923; Version 4.3.6.0944; Version 4.3.6.0959; Version 4.3.6.0979; Version 4.3.6.0993; Version 4.3.6.1013; Version 4.3.6.1033; Version 4.4.1.0948; Version 4.4.1.0949; Version 4.4.1.0978; Version 4.4.1.0998; Version 4.4.1.0999; Version 4.4.1.1031; Version 4.4.1.1033Canonical identity product-81578b5d517b13c57b34c6184dee501c7b2e69f5d366148b8e0d95265e548fc9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.0949:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    94179df2-2e1f-4673-b834-987bee24242b
  2. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0944:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    561532b6-0678-410b-8211-76103ebaa9d9
  3. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.0948:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c0edb4b0-42cd-42e4-8ea6-6c7e6946608f
  4. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.0999:beta_3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b3afec02-4082-4cf2-bdef-b42caf6c2aae
  5. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0907:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c6efb589-b6e1-410c-9aa5-86dd2cf7ffcd
  6. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.1031:beta_4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0e4bc7ef-8e5c-4d4a-9365-28da0cc0e879
  7. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.0998:beta_3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f83bcdd9-5227-4677-b174-65c653eedba1
  8. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.1033:beta_4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    491637bb-cf44-43fe-8ff1-aaa22e848b64
  9. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0979:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    90e2874f-bd7c-48af-abce-d96f51947a70
  10. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0895:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b52aede0-990a-4186-8f24-8cf4068e5af1
  11. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0923:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    09573613-ad98-4a49-a960-b9e45b612710
  12. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0993:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d4347075-f444-4271-a717-fdabf8c19d7c
  13. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.4.1.0978:beta_2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2768ec66-ae75-405b-b92b-547840c10d78
  14. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1013:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6f8fb702-0bb9-419e-a847-ac9cc31f823f
  15. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.1033:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2514d352-5007-4669-a526-f179babb0587
  16. cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:4.3.6.0959:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c58608a2-7705-4de7-8979-de33a35dda88

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-37a503905b0a0167877af753ac60ba6a9fd40363b081ec9e83c43aeaec72163a · product-81578b5d517b13c57b34c6184dee501c7b2e69f5d366148b8e0d95265e548fc9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
16
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0c300e0f-66e2-468b-888b-0b6c3fd010a30f7805f1-67dc-4aa0-9e8f-ef50f34b91ac141d5eeb-fe25-4dc5-ba0b-8ddbf74b378e19c2a996-9d78-4ee3-91f6-f4280fe75e1862e4d7a2-a458-4cff-8ddd-30b3127be7ce7189cf7d-d318-486c-bbab-841ff699b70b7a1e40aa-c8c2-4ad0-aad5-dea6d81d1a057e1f0329-a374-4a8e-9a3e-b32bd97b51659a73a977-9f91-48d5-b473-10e7c6b764d9b02cf044-9f84-44d9-b73c-0e2d37519403c6bdfe7e-e8fd-4499-b8a9-2a0df700d9dad3a6212c-7852-4d34-a49e-e7a6b3e8b8e9e85766b2-ca38-42d5-b2af-082f5823f12becb582c7-6a2d-42b1-9c93-9020d4d94e44f4931457-3caa-49c1-a5c3-8cb91d886beaf86cc5c8-02e0-4999-918a-37152bfa3777
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
431162b8-7193-4fe5-9840-4efb92e7ec0a

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.