CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2020-0646

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Microsoft .NET Framework fails to validate input properly, aka '.NET Framework Remote Code Execution Injection Vulnerability'.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 3, 2021). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 99.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 8, 2026.

87.1–98.1Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Microsoft .NET Framework fails to validate input properly, aka '.NET Framework Remote Code Execution Injection Vulnerability'.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 14, 2020
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    microsoft

    Record text: A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Microsoft .NET Framework fails to validate input properly, aka '.NET Framework Remote Code Execution Injection Vulnerability'.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Microsoft .NET Framework fails to validate input properly, aka '.NET Framework Remote Code Execution Injection Vulnerability'.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Microsoft .NET Framework Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Microsoft .NET Framework Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 99.22% probability · 99.93th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.992220000000; percentile 0.999310000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 3, 2021 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood99.22%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 8, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 8, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

Outside this view’s verified evidence

Reason detail begins outside this selected snapshot; the state remains source-bound.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
microsoftOriginal assertion
Record text

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Microsoft .NET Framework fails to validate input properly, aka '.NET Framework Remote Code Execution Injection Vulnerability'.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Microsoft .NET Framework fails to validate input properly, aka '.NET Framework Remote Code Execution Injection Vulnerability'.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Microsoft .NET Framework Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Microsoft .NET Framework Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

99.22% probability · 99.93th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.992220000000; percentile 0.999310000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
80Underlying assertions
15Canonical products
28Target assertions
52Constraint assertions

Grouped from 24 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

67 scope groups

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.0Direct source scope
Affected: Service Pack 2 on Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2Affected: Service Pack 2 on Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems Service Pack 2Affected: Service Pack 2 on Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Service Pack 2 on Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Service Pack 2 on Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems Service Pack 2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Service Pack 2 on Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5Direct source scope
Affected: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit SystemsAffected: Windows 8.1 for 32-bit systemsAffected: Windows 8.1 for x64-based systemsAffected: Windows Server 2012Affected: Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Affected: Windows Server 2012 R2Affected: Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows 8.1 for 32-bit systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows 8.1 for x64-based systems"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2012"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2012 R2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5.1Direct source scope
Affected: Windows 7 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 1Affected: Windows 7 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1Affected: Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems Service Pack 1Affected: Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1Affected: Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Windows 7 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 1"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows 7 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems Service Pack 1"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.6.2/4.7/4.7.1/4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.6.2/4.7/4.7.1/4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.6.2/4.7/4.7.1/4.7.2 on Windows Server 2016Direct source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.6.2/4.7/4.7.1/4.7.2 on Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.1/4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1709 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.1/4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1709 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows 10 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows 10 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1803 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1803 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows Server 2019Direct source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.7.2 on Windows Server, version 1803 (Server Core Installation)Direct source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows 10 Version 1909 for 32-bit SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows 10 Version 1909 for x64-based SystemsDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]
microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftMicrosoft .NET Framework 3.5 AND 4.8 on Windows Server 2019Direct source scope
Affected: unspecified
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified"}]

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 0 source-reported links

Applicability remains source-scoped; safety and exposure remain unassessed.

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Affected-product evidence remains source-scoped; canonical linkage is required before applicability scoring.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.