CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2020-12812

CVE-2020-12812

72.8–93.5Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

An improper authentication vulnerability in SSL VPN in FortiOS 6.4.0, 6.2.0 to 6.2.3, 6.0.9 and below may result in a user being able to log in successfully without being prompted for the second factor of authentication (FortiToken) if they changed the case of their username.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jul 24, 2020
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
72%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS49.34%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 98.8%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
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CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

fortinetoriginal assertion
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An improper authentication vulnerability in SSL VPN in FortiOS 6.4.0, 6.2.0 to 6.2.3, 6.0.9 and below may result in a user being able to log in successfully without being prompted for the second factor of authentication (FortiToken) if they changed the case of their username.

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Fortinet FortiOS SSL VPN Improper Authentication Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.493440000000; percentile 0.987610000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
n/aFortinet FortiOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "FortiOS 6.4.0, 6.2.0 to 6.2.3, 6.0.9 and below"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 6.0.10supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 6.2.0; end excluding 6.2.4supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
nvd@nist.govCVSS 2.0 · role PrimaryAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.