CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2020-17530

Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 3, 2021). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 95.6% exploit likelihood as of Jul 26, 2026.

90.6–91.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 11, 2020
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apache

    Record text: Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 95.62% probability · 99.86th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.956220000000; percentile 0.998630000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 3, 2021 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood95.62%

FIRST EPSS · score date Jul 26, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Jul 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

apacheOriginal assertion
Record text

Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

95.62% probability · 99.86th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.956220000000; percentile 0.998630000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
13Underlying assertions
8Canonical products
13Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

9 scope groups

apache · source assertedApache Software FoundationApache StrutsDirect source scope
Affected: Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONapachestrutsVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 2.0.0, < 2.5.30)Canonical identity product-9cd0052bcd831ad951c3a83f953006d77d3ff2278903b02b620cad9fb02389e0Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 2.0.0; through excluding 2.5.30
    Match ID
    23d366cd-5a53-400a-b846-d4f287915bc5
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclebusiness_intelligenceVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 12.2.1.3.0; Version 12.2.1.4.0Canonical identity product-14111d2f45ac076e2d0fab551f2e4f27edcbeedc6fa87436fdfc0c56be1e56fbLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_intelligence:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    81dac8c0-d342-44b5-9432-6b88d389584f
  2. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_intelligence:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    77c3dd16-1d81-40e1-b312-50fbd275507c
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclecommunications_diameter_intelligence_hubVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Version 8.0.0; Version 8.1.0; Version 8.2.0; Version 8.2.3Canonical identity product-0096bcef2f03452a8eb9375dcc0f8bde417a9da387947482bdc4e724083c9215Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_diameter_intelligence_hub:8.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6b88d928-9735-4e5c-b8d3-597ab2a15854
  2. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_diameter_intelligence_hub:8.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c3027474-cf8f-432d-9295-c56cd9a8b710
  3. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_diameter_intelligence_hub:8.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f2e30096-0b9a-4301-a34a-daece85fe1f4
  4. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_diameter_intelligence_hub:8.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    be4a02b1-4e35-4054-9feb-886985267199
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclecommunications_policy_managementVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 12.5.0Canonical identity product-d355b11887e16a673439034955f56c1713687fe0ddcca9e46745eb07d77aae8bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_policy_management:12.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5312ac7a-3c16-4967-aca6-317289a749d0
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclecommunications_pricing_design_centerVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 12.0.0.3.0Canonical identity product-4dd23fbe5da037bdbcfa8534ea34506a31d60000aff4217542345bd9d4cd30fbLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_pricing_design_center:12.0.0.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d7b49d71-6a31-497a-b6a9-06e84f086e7a
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclefinancial_services_data_integration_hubVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 8.0.3; Version 8.0.6Canonical identity product-cdb5737d0cafce9159b7c0e3b092dd0bef6daa51576e36d565c39dd23b6278e4Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:financial_services_data_integration_hub:8.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    987a0c35-4c7f-4ffb-b47b-37b69a32f879
  2. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:financial_services_data_integration_hub:8.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    25b0d39e-a630-4c85-af90-396fb3e0fe7a
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclehospitality_opera_5Vulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 5.6Canonical identity product-daa54d42205d0ae728add563b2ea3b36124a7e6dcd7a749af9f69f6856ed2a1dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:hospitality_opera_5:5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    95d6a426-b914-401f-9ab0-5f5e3a3fe138
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONoraclemysql_enterprise_monitorVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 8.0.23Canonical identity product-57d551f18f44e8d3873b139bff1d5a2db2f13c717b3d0295e687bd95ab213facLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_monitor:8.0.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    955955b3-95f0-4887-97dc-58fb7a13f257

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

8 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-0096bcef2f03452a8eb9375dcc0f8bde417a9da387947482bdc4e724083c9215

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6099a7a5-6b7d-4eb1-91d1-2af43f19cf0d68c15260-d575-428c-aad5-00803b6007e280830133-6820-464a-8553-cb548b3adf1de1411454-b5f2-4be7-b444-384c695164d3
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-14111d2f45ac076e2d0fab551f2e4f27edcbeedc6fa87436fdfc0c56be1e56fb

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3bf92ff9-d237-4bbe-8e26-6496e4a1dd8b728cd142-e46f-4b7c-8a3b-59c6949227ed
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-4dd23fbe5da037bdbcfa8534ea34506a31d60000aff4217542345bd9d4cd30fb

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3d0bf92a-e7ee-48a0-afc7-2484869e64aa
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-57d551f18f44e8d3873b139bff1d5a2db2f13c717b3d0295e687bd95ab213fac

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d7af0cb4-89d3-4d62-8048-51cc3b0e8062
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-8771dac0ae5eeec984ca23e4bbe5a243fb7896ad7c1c4afc6acd3abe53fdd152 · product-9cd0052bcd831ad951c3a83f953006d77d3ff2278903b02b620cad9fb02389e0

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
f9ca9045-604d-40c6-a97f-732eb60b6373
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-cdb5737d0cafce9159b7c0e3b092dd0bef6daa51576e36d565c39dd23b6278e4

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0b5256e1-2146-4c93-afa9-85379c9dc7780deb955c-8c76-453b-9b21-1b2d08801529
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-d355b11887e16a673439034955f56c1713687fe0ddcca9e46745eb07d77aae8b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
e7262721-6496-4ba0-bb48-a75e6342e044
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-b1377626da187dbea1eeb98f365c57a3dcbeccfdc2a7d3471e94ece7b6f88e55 · product-daa54d42205d0ae728add563b2ea3b36124a7e6dcd7a749af9f69f6856ed2a1d

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b871d823-7a2d-4913-99a2-96a42e631a4a
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
98c56043-77da-429b-b38f-40784d784476

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.