CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2020-28949

Archive_Tar through 1.4.10 has :// filename sanitization only to address phar attacks, and thus any other stream-wrapper attack (such as file:// to overwrite files) can still…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Aug 25, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 84.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

84.0–84.7Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Archive_Tar through 1.4.10 has :// filename sanitization only to address phar attacks, and thus any other stream-wrapper attack (such as file:// to overwrite files) can still succeed.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Nov 19, 2020
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
98%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: Archive_Tar through 1.4.10 has :// filename sanitization only to address phar attacks, and thus any other stream-wrapper attack (such as file:// to overwrite files) can still succeed.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Archive_Tar through 1.4.10 has :// filename sanitization only to address phar attacks, and thus any other stream-wrapper attack (such as file:// to overwrite files) can still succeed.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: PEAR Archive_Tar Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    PEAR Archive_Tar Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 84.55% probability · 99.69th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.845540000000; percentile 0.996850000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Aug 25, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood84.55%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.7th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

Archive_Tar through 1.4.10 has :// filename sanitization only to address phar attacks, and thus any other stream-wrapper attack (such as file:// to overwrite files) can still succeed.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Archive_Tar through 1.4.10 has :// filename sanitization only to address phar attacks, and thus any other stream-wrapper attack (such as file:// to overwrite files) can still succeed.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

PEAR Archive_Tar Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
PEAR Archive_Tar Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

84.55% probability · 99.69th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.845540000000; percentile 0.996850000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
11Underlying assertions
4Canonical products
11Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 4 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

5 scope groups

mitre · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Version 10.0; Version 9.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    deece5fc-cacf-4496-a3e7-164736409252
  2. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    07b237a9-69a3-4a9c-9da0-4e06bd37ae73
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONdrupaldrupalVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 7.0, < 7.75); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0, < 8.9.10); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.8.0, < 8.8.12); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 9.0.0, < 9.0.9)Canonical identity product-212d47c5af963e5c3aa6b05f4c9bed84d410f1ed5651403daaf3aa19bbcf8d60Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:drupal:drupal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0; through excluding 8.9.10
    Match ID
    01a74904-1082-4c42-b037-2785756da70b
  2. cpe:2.3:a:drupal:drupal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 7.0; through excluding 7.75
    Match ID
    61e72b09-c9d7-4ab1-ba89-3cb06faae46f
  3. cpe:2.3:a:drupal:drupal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 9.0.0; through excluding 9.0.9
    Match ID
    38992b05-6df5-4751-a57b-8a43dd3e6680
  4. cpe:2.3:a:drupal:drupal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.8.0; through excluding 8.8.12
    Match ID
    551c8fea-7b6e-4fc8-804e-70a5a4922cd7
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMfedoraprojectfedoraVulnerable target · 4 assertions
Version 32; Version 33; Version 34; Version 35Canonical identity product-c96c7662a6606ed7594747da3d7ba9ee3a9758ab11658f6a3f42616361472e47Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e460aa51-fcda-46b9-ae97-e6676aa5e194
  2. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:32:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    36d96259-24bd-44e2-96d9-78ce1d41f956
  3. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    80e516c0-98a4-4ade-b69f-66a772e2baaa
  4. cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a930e247-0b43-43cb-98ff-6ce7b8189835
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONphparchive_tarVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 1.4.12)Canonical identity product-bf60e05eacd62da8e019b89b50cfd1a56f0a026099323fc5c9aebc32bc215fcdLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:php:archive_tar:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 1.4.12
    Match ID
    0ea0459a-bd5c-42ae-b0d7-7b35e15e2d1a

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

4 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d55b47b2745317860e139def3459e19d9b08135435764a68197c45036b2c0a7b · product-212d47c5af963e5c3aa6b05f4c9bed84d410f1ed5651403daaf3aa19bbcf8d60

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
765a2ea3-2deb-4c64-a62a-eda9f2667323ab1cb414-88c6-4c9e-9e02-830d03adc2e1bd494d10-89da-4f37-9f4c-a62d41f5307bebb2e87e-6f56-4000-a8cd-e12e93290274
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6deff3e1-dac0-43b4-a1c7-b22c7cd93f857e22c37a-fa3e-4513-9d5f-fe2962834dc0
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-1b299fa4275f757dd43e86a66c279822d72332da344f4534dae151dcbb50c610 · product-bf60e05eacd62da8e019b89b50cfd1a56f0a026099323fc5c9aebc32bc215fcd

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
faae8386-4817-4f46-ba26-21aee4b8773d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-2d566b06907460b10e6e48c8544126e19f1d6df137983056edae8d0b51e34e45 · product-c96c7662a6606ed7594747da3d7ba9ee3a9758ab11658f6a3f42616361472e47

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2e968798-34b1-4bff-a345-1e8973fbf05d3e9126f8-5b83-4bbf-bd35-383e22eb5841ca4c4879-28fa-46aa-95ce-f68e575cd3a9dc167346-dc3d-41fe-b4db-9d52d3fa8543
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b7c25a3f-9306-4219-9ece-654110eb5cb4

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.