CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-20028

Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 28, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 29.9% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

80.8–81.7Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances running all 8.x firmware and 9.0.0.9-26sv or earlier

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Aug 4, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    sonicwall

    Record text: Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances running all 8.x firmware and 9.0.0.9-26sv or earlier

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances running all 8.x firmware and 9.0.0.9-26sv or earlier
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: SonicWall Secure Remote Access (SRA) SQL Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    SonicWall Secure Remote Access (SRA) SQL Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 29.87% probability · 98.06th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.298660000000; percentile 0.980640000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 28, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood29.87%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 98.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
sonicwallOriginal assertion
Record text

Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances running all 8.x firmware and 9.0.0.9-26sv or earlier

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances running all 8.x firmware and 9.0.0.9-26sv or earlier
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

SonicWall Secure Remote Access (SRA) SQL Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
SonicWall Secure Remote Access (SRA) SQL Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

29.87% probability · 98.06th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.298660000000; percentile 0.980640000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
12Underlying assertions
12Canonical products
6Target assertions
6Constraint assertions

Grouped from 12 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

13 scope groups

sonicwall · source assertedSonicWallSonicWall SRA/SMA100Direct source scope
Affected: 8.x firmwareAffected: 9.0.0.9-26sv and earlier.
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "8.x firmware"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "9.0.0.9-26sv and earlier."}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma_210Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-550c36468c01a04863339c98e9cf24a57015da41e26d7cfe3817f5627349f033Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma_210:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    51587338-4a5f-41fc-9497-743f061947c2
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma_210_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0.0, < 9.0.0.10-28sv)Canonical identity product-26a307663a0d7d21d37685d5626bda794a31e21aa834b2d2545700514a0e4c1bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0.0; through excluding 9.0.0.10-28sv
    Match ID
    aa095c77-9e99-4086-a665-d15b62ed6318
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma_410Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-7fe9cf3dc83085f07a35eb26b64c02c3a3315073c07277a9510b70c9dd839ef5Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma_410:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9dfb8fbc-ffa4-4526-b306-d5692a43dc9e
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma_410_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0.0, < 9.0.0.10-28sv)Canonical identity product-a7f75ceec8c377c339cb86a182bbed18843ccfe642ca6bfccc536cc48e24fa59Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_410_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0.0; through excluding 9.0.0.10-28sv
    Match ID
    d82266a9-0420-4c82-b7ce-6e35a197c774
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsma_500vEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-118b2d48e96ca7146730edba999d21029b9135d54c3f43c7114f1e7e733f30d6Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sma_500v:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a6ad8a33-7ce4-4c66-9e23-f0c9c9638770
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsma_500v_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0.0, < 9.0.0.10-28sv)Canonical identity product-4d24eaf429e3956c478e6de21d2b4e05c1b566ac61b74443712441bbe07ce6adLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sma_500v_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0.0; through excluding 9.0.0.10-28sv
    Match ID
    9a5accfb-d882-4f7d-8ce4-3608b1053708
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsra_1600Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-ab36679be37132dd6447cec73c3cd816ee640c0331564cfd95a46203266ffa2eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sra_1600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    4 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a19aaf5d-b03d-40bb-af3c-8baefd60c0f7
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsra_1600_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0.0, < 9.0.0.10-28sv)Canonical identity product-78abb94671ec6d05601807b82686f65b8419a748c2b44c6ac773579b201722acLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sra_1600_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0.0; through excluding 9.0.0.10-28sv
    Match ID
    56142aba-8db5-40c4-b485-ca440bc26eb5
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsra_4600Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-49aa3b881cfe26d8dd23515a202f31812ddb200300c6ea814f6253e8d8aa7afeLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sra_4600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2fc9eda7-6306-4ac0-bba2-bfc4d6ef7d05
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsra_4600_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0.0, < 9.0.0.10-28sv)Canonical identity product-de7142d8196be536315be8b6a0092bdf0ac9b2e1bade4b140fc9c208a666781eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sra_4600_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0.0; through excluding 9.0.0.10-28sv
    Match ID
    4a1739ff-3445-4155-bcd5-ffc3adc7bb11
NVD CPE · HARDWAREsonicwallsra_vaEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-e6b7945131fad3d230c58f52ab73b74d7e64796de1e77f81aab6ffaf88f31635Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:sonicwall:sra_va:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    5 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    43d2892b-20af-4832-8c14-c2570804a4d0
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsonicwallsra_va_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.0.0.0, < 9.0.0.10-28sv)Canonical identity product-bf4f6e67cd1d4f3723816dd513eae98c36d2f0fbc466f43ad2bb23eedb2fc3beLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:sonicwall:sra_va_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    5 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.0.0.0; through excluding 9.0.0.10-28sv
    Match ID
    403edb9c-7fae-496d-8307-b76fbc02fe50

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

6 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-26a307663a0d7d21d37685d5626bda794a31e21aa834b2d2545700514a0e4c1b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
c65dcd9b-558b-4ba4-b3d4-d71ccd4e9726
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-4d24eaf429e3956c478e6de21d2b4e05c1b566ac61b74443712441bbe07ce6ad

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3d79be2e-44b7-4c08-8963-760e6e423d6d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-78abb94671ec6d05601807b82686f65b8419a748c2b44c6ac773579b201722ac

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2597197f-1523-49d3-a21a-5264208ff34f
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-a7f75ceec8c377c339cb86a182bbed18843ccfe642ca6bfccc536cc48e24fa59

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
fe6bbac3-c434-44aa-a6cb-ed1d35b88c6e
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-bf4f6e67cd1d4f3723816dd513eae98c36d2f0fbc466f43ad2bb23eedb2fc3be

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
a213dc07-35f8-426e-940f-710b2ab6c23a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-88ea7b4aa6d07152b297937bc7e73efc70d62904e8122e245a64c5b028d9fab0 · product-de7142d8196be536315be8b6a0092bdf0ac9b2e1bade4b140fc9c208a666781e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
d87c5733-d6c1-4a6e-9b7d-981db87aaef6
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
89d06d5e-2d71-427f-ab92-bd39c9bbdd37

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.