CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-21551

Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 31, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 79.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

79.9–84.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure. Local authenticated user access is required.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
May 4, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
80%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    dell

    Record text: Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure. Local authenticated user access is required.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure. Local authenticated user access is required.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Dell dbutil Driver Insufficient Access Control Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Dell dbutil Driver Insufficient Access Control Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 79.25% probability · 99.57th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.792490000000; percentile 0.995690000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD7.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
NVD4.6CVSS 2.0 · source date omitted
security_alert@emc.com8.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 31, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood79.25%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.6th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
dellOriginal assertion
Record text

Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure. Local authenticated user access is required.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Dell dbutil_2_3.sys driver contains an insufficient access control vulnerability which may lead to escalation of privileges, denial of service, or information disclosure. Local authenticated user access is required.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Dell dbutil Driver Insufficient Access Control Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Dell dbutil Driver Insufficient Access Control Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

79.25% probability · 99.57th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.792490000000; percentile 0.995690000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
568Underlying assertions
568Canonical products
1Target assertions
567Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

This CVE has more than 500 applicability assertions. The returned evidence is deterministically capped; the summary counts cover the complete snapshot.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

501 scope groups

dell · source assertedDelldbutilDirect source scope
Affected: 2.3
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "2.3"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_14Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-37c4e1b349d7e584dec36b1903e750229ef69ad101ce0f4d43b2350d11ebd7ddLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_14:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a3bdd0f0-b3d1-45dc-b1ca-24f17c291b71
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_17_51m_r2Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-b8e0333eb43c8028d377ec25a7f6dc4332a7c1a4f80107ed2636277629853b83Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_17_51m_r2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    eb791fab-8e62-4ba1-ac0d-d8f22e13861b
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_area_51Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-ed925331f5204362813de5e9b4fb8994a694afd76af9df5491ed9532cd312fc1Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_area_51:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    61ba47e8-dc8c-465b-ac52-956a003b80c6
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_asm100Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-c6e2be541cec8d7ba9db297afd70a24ca91f6b61dae62a6690083705cbd15461Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_asm100:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    4c3128dd-9a90-4863-a693-a6d5e46b797e
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_asm100r2Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a09d6a4566619ce6778821cba46573f8f4dd25a2986ef4cb44ab3b3742d7f18dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_asm100r2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    70aed9b9-fc76-41b0-ac24-2b51ff1e1ebc
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_m14xr2Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-d2c120f3244aef981efc6d995e8ca20f45e08e0f1a311b2c028ac45fb3a67452Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_m14xr2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    39e33acf-06d0-4f77-91d6-bd3f7a8b1363
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_m15_r4Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-3e1531bdc7152e9df2b5a7b06745c990ad8865d13d54de461216012a90058ba7Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_m15_r4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b084185f-1c0d-47d9-9f72-a79095462428
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_m17xr4Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-ac5bfca539153d3f27a21e78972d929ed15df3d0db30c8148945ff7b21dd454dLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_m17xr4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9ca3fe0d-2ecb-49f7-a2a3-8c7927cf61d2
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellalienware_m18xr2Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-5454a1bd3d97885ac734743e82bb5e10893cfeddd979b1739e06883ffc5d0ae4Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:alienware_m18xr2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    50daade9-d885-4c56-bcb5-ffab10083a12
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellcanvas_27Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a87e1bf0b78d6b4455038bb3216fc317bcc41f573d9259139b8291eaf0040d56Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:canvas_27:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b2b43435-21ba-4c2e-b8a0-e6bc90fc0f89
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellcheng_ming_3967Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-287561fb5d634ab88c42bcc9608242799d6f1c04ee72148a872433f767f75128Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:cheng_ming_3967:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    af88aed3-7c7b-4cac-8d17-9a5427821e37
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellchengming_3977Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-8cdbe493267da31494ee7927ff7c087af2554be4b733dda155c6cee25e0ec57eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:chengming_3977:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    67fcce7c-bac7-43f2-b328-c3afd80b6af0
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellchengming_3988Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-045de1c559e0bb24f1b8ab903c4a290e35e2ea74cb2ec4555a94d1040cbdcc77Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:chengming_3988:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c83a9845-dbeb-4d97-a9f3-71d0262d4a6f
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellchengming_3991Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-a529087fbb547735a0f31a4b699be0415e0b32a16601ce3ef5b851508c36591eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:chengming_3991:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d8e9396f-11fc-43bc-be74-b5fa7954a0ce
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONdelldbutilVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 2.3)Canonical identity product-e4c927e594b8d483693b7eec1d61f1813de19318caf4c222928f7aac16fbbc94Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:dell:dbutil:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 2.3
    Match ID
    2bfe61fd-9349-4afa-847c-b1047d55770c
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdelldock_wd15Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-c071bbe3c2fe5d9dcd2333f193d00f5648239b9051c40ffb659df1aaff238804Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:dock_wd15:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f66dcd8a-17aa-4db7-9ad1-46e04916ee66
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdelldock_wd19Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-1b5d14bb773eec463ea96e5ece96c0f614ef962b510dd577e7f72b25e1ac0f1cLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:dock_wd19:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 18
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    15124df5-16f4-45fd-94cb-9dbbda9d7944
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellembedded_box_pc_5000Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-ce20b2ea80ea21031cfac4114ded7258d0977cb5cf083c763909c2ef958b49c0Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:embedded_box_pc_5000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 19
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f7b2be27-f109-4b11-8e8b-732a1ae3cc2f
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellg15_5510Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-61f2922cddad956796ce2f0c79c30c72352f9500f11d3470d6f2823869e72eceLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:g15_5510:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 20
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ae6c4737-dad8-4921-b65c-8d11669b730d
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellg3_3500Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-41d30a373e4bf3b2246323f6accbc5fbcb4f377255515087f0f4832bd5abaa9aLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:g3_3500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 21
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    79c0e8d8-fe8f-4718-8837-8c8fcacdb095
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellg3_3579Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-df36a074932802354d4d91c96d541c218ae8a83dd31489de9a2154cfa8c9eebbLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:g3_3579:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 22
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2f440e47-2c2a-4ea2-a799-649a23145d51
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellg3_3779Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-80aa4c1b723f1693e1ac3b9c8f682d0d5350b90513f256c1405d2167743ab479Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:g3_3779:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 23
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    598a90e5-c7ae-4901-bd33-375f88cf09c4
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellg5_5000Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-afcd1a7ca860c4cdb2e38b86697ba94ccd6df83f6cb340fcd63f6deb4e701cfeLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:g5_5000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 24
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3b49a7e9-ea33-4614-b91d-465d32407be3
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdellg5_5500Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-4c825526ef57d5dba635f0fe97f02d7fd9ed91dbbb67ec6d1c25809a0ec56182Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dell:g5_5500:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 26
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    81a8617f-56b1-4998-98cc-fa8c1d3de011

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-672f7be6cef424a0fe9d0805383bdc16e8f97d7201e4086c9232a0a4cd55bd8d · product-e4c927e594b8d483693b7eec1d61f1813de19318caf4c222928f7aac16fbbc94

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
55c12c3a-0cb9-4b23-bb0a-c39eee110cc4
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
fb0593ce-3e1e-4d5f-a7b8-52029cda5de8

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.6
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
8.8
security_alert@emc.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
dellCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

dell

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.