CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-25487

Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 29, 2023). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 0.6% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

62.5–65.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by dereference of invalid function pointer.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 6, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Samsung Mobile

    Record text: Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by dereference of invalid function pointer.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by dereference of invalid function pointer.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Samsung Mobile Devices Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Samsung Mobile Devices Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 0.64% probability · 47.86th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.006350000000; percentile 0.478630000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 29, 2023 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood0.64%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 47.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
Samsung MobileOriginal assertion
Record text

Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by dereference of invalid function pointer.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Lack of boundary checking of a buffer in set_skb_priv() of modem interface driver prior to SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 allows OOB read and it results in arbitrary code execution by dereference of invalid function pointer.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Samsung Mobile Devices Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Samsung Mobile Devices Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

0.64% probability · 47.86th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.006350000000; percentile 0.478630000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
28Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
28Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

Samsung Mobile · source assertedSamsung MobileSamsung Mobile DevicesDirect source scope
Affected: O(8.1), P(9.0), Q(10.0), R(11.0) to before SMR Oct-2021 Release 1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "O(8.1), P(9.0), Q(10.0), R(11.0)", "lessThan": "SMR Oct-2021 Release 1", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMsamsungandroidVulnerable target · 28 assertions
Version 10.0; Version 11.0; Version 8.1; Version 9.0Canonical identity product-bfc06cdae9e73738e7672364f70046bdc0b0c8dcf806dda71f982d32086f0748Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-mar-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 25
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ba51f5d5-d18d-426c-b09f-ee12ce11e9fb
  2. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-jan-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b93a5f5f-bf53-44d3-9583-811cc284df86
  3. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-may-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0cc8a026-b21c-47e0-b889-bd62f379737e
  4. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-jan-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    878aaf2d-e54a-4145-a618-81341ed4b0c8
  5. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-jun-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 24
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c2592b14-b3b7-4c85-88e8-5e12f6f50ed3
  6. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-feb-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    18c71f11-7599-4ae1-b455-c7a50d8d5f4d
  7. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-aug-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    878d73ca-d317-4304-b7fb-00de79da7074
  8. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-aug-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 20
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a3658a42-bca9-4188-8b36-3c6599bbf83c
  9. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-apr-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 19
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8d2d0083-0a85-47f7-a42d-2040a3bec132
  10. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-jul-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    84641402-4778-418b-90f3-2afaf90b4798
  11. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-jul-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 23
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2b088de9-31f1-4737-8bc8-cc406f208acb
  12. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3e4f5c8c-af0c-47f4-a3b0-a6d924fb72bb
  13. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-sep-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 18
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5b1dcd3c-2418-4194-97fa-901550b2ed3d
  14. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-may-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b5a0003a-1655-4945-988e-c79cc8a41b11
  15. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-jul-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    30154ab6-c412-48d6-9123-42639b116093
  16. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-apr-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5e21936d-9a60-4987-a6bf-c8f1885fb478
  17. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-sep-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 27
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    548bcc15-c6d8-4ae7-b167-4dd74382097b
  18. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-jun-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c72c3a92-43ed-40f4-b340-fe57fed9e762
  19. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-jan-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 22
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ac082e25-1b7d-473d-a066-1463e6321cd5
  20. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-sep-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    620ef7bf-1a66-4e96-a05a-2296c9272a34
  21. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-feb-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3b9a3b41-aac9-4e23-a265-959a9852b94c
  22. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-may-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 26
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6c946853-d56d-457c-a1cb-ad1a5bd56c41
  23. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-mar-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7eba9c21-8eda-48b2-b63c-d50b2f83c31b
  24. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:11.0:smr-feb-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 21
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    25b42ce0-67de-4611-8d70-deec975e32ba
  25. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-mar-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    62a933c7-9739-43dd-851e-0c2009858b77
  26. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:10.0:smr-aug-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2559edcb-09f8-4ac0-ae53-9b0e934d2d74
  27. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-apr-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c690d390-5631-4294-aeb8-9a4c5564fa44
  28. cpe:2.3:o:samsung:android:9.0:smr-jun-2021-r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6538d01c-1645-4c4b-8559-ea20ffcd87f2

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-f5dacb581a70d8167abc17518c04a02619f423bdc572eef0300ff12be72a5a70 · product-bfc06cdae9e73738e7672364f70046bdc0b0c8dcf806dda71f982d32086f0748

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
28
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
1d87c125-c71b-476f-8026-2ec1133115cf2379f32b-bd41-42c9-99c5-b7db33a8772f244f178f-f568-4cd3-8485-5af372065e602cad92c6-7113-4a23-bb9c-1c4f1c5d562133b1aad7-ccfa-4671-b903-876436e5a9bf3d3096bb-037f-45d7-9b9a-be55695a331b3e355276-7f93-4d3b-b2d7-9c2cceb01a5b53d9e18f-d6a2-4de9-835c-9c3b9151e1c4570e439a-cb73-4885-96a7-7a2498174f8263c108d4-f801-44a0-b7e9-c26a8779f46164503539-d0eb-452c-9416-d40e40268be767f2ff9a-bef2-4e7e-90bd-ccef349a5f3469df1cd7-0676-4a4d-a9d1-f8e399be49ce7256ecaa-f667-4b2b-8a37-7e7f79cb5849738ece07-de40-498a-aa4c-11aa2dc6500e7607c88f-68e0-4ae1-a86d-24bcac10069980b216fb-586a-4b6c-b4b9-7c3ac27208728e2012ae-81b8-4852-a4b7-0e092c0190b89ac4f2db-64f9-4ec1-8a46-944b7fc2ec59a81abe64-1a80-4ce5-bf74-57bde47b5fa9b2755c01-5b01-42ed-bb6a-8e237d2f5526c808c81c-e2b1-4025-8581-420701d1bd3fc88576f8-1dab-4700-b20b-0e65719304a1cae9ae4c-614f-4811-bfbd-d9bfbcbbb6b9cdd308db-b418-483b-bb76-d054022bc38cda3530d5-5ce2-4f41-809a-ce1543447f53e3409d29-3d26-40da-9702-43e155d88135fafd229e-39a3-4230-b527-20fc2987b443
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4462ce73-7b68-4b7a-835c-4c1afe8ae955

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.6
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.3
mobile.security@samsung.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
7.3
Samsung MobileCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.3Priority eligible

Samsung Mobile

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.