CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-30860

An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 3, 2021). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 76.0% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

83.7–85.7Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Aug 24, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
96%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apple

    Record text: An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apple Multiple Products Integer Overflow Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apple Multiple Products Integer Overflow Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 75.99% probability · 99.49th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.759940000000; percentile 0.994910000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 3, 2021 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood75.99%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.5th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

appleOriginal assertion
Record text

An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apple Multiple Products Integer Overflow Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apple Multiple Products Integer Overflow Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

75.99% probability · 99.49th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.759940000000; percentile 0.994910000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
15Underlying assertions
7Canonical products
15Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 3 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

11 scope groups

apple · source assertedAppleiOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 14.8 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "14.8", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 11.6 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "11.6", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 2021-005 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "2021-005", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplewatchOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 7.6 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "7.6", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleipadosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 14.8)Canonical identity product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0adLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 14.8
    Match ID
    fcd67b72-0b1d-46a8-a149-8149ed749fec
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMappleiphone_osVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 12.5.5); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 13.0, < 14.8)Canonical identity product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 12.5.5
    Match ID
    5998d71c-a481-4f0c-aa06-b1ff0e6664a0
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 13.0; through excluding 14.8
    Match ID
    478e12b4-50eb-4cb2-9c50-d8f08127fb12
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 11.6)Canonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 11.6
    Match ID
    5f52d69c-8621-4e01-abde-8473a590bcb6
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemac_os_xVulnerable target · 8 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 10.15, < 10.15.7); Version 10.15.7Canonical identity product-94613e1f5039e71a9805f20421d56ac6a61e2707d3f97a08fdf6823a65dc7b76Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a654b8a2-fc30-4171-b0bb-366cd7ed4b6a
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-003:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a54d63b7-b92b-47c3-b1c5-9892e5873a98
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-002:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d425c653-37a2-448c-bf2f-b684adb08a26
  4. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 10.15; through excluding 10.15.7
    Match ID
    db8a73f8-3074-4b32-b9f6-343b6b1988c5
  5. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-004:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3456176f-9185-4ee2-a8ce-3d989d674ab7
  6. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0f441a43-1669-478d-9ec8-e96882de4f9f
  7. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f1f4bf7f-90d4-4668-b4e6-b06f4070f448
  8. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f12cc8b5-c1eb-419e-8496-b9a3864656ad
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplewatchosVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 7.6.2)Canonical identity product-1b28e85eba5cb27cd93d563b4ea63a555b916484cee543c65fdbe57d529fc0d1Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 7.6.2
    Match ID
    3232c3b6-d79f-4fdb-9621-4e314798ad7d
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONfreedesktoppopplerVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 22.09.0)Canonical identity product-484645b683d8602822de1bf47c505f7c09379d29fa283111724cddde2323a40bLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:freedesktop:poppler:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 22.09.0
    Match ID
    10a7d6af-d14e-4ad5-a9b8-12337347dc09
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONxpdfreaderxpdfVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 4.04)Canonical identity product-8a31832fb18419b4ecfd7cd884efe70f99d40db27cd848db61989a9923be5fbbLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:xpdfreader:xpdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 4.04
    Match ID
    7b98328a-2a47-438f-886b-1a6af87990df

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

7 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-1b28e85eba5cb27cd93d563b4ea63a555b916484cee543c65fdbe57d529fc0d1

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
c1d7ef13-05d4-4c0d-8a6d-af2d16e4e1f3
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c9b03ab695b2de7e3bb4be87f09bdcd89a32c5dae3845b154529c38cadab6cc4 · product-484645b683d8602822de1bf47c505f7c09379d29fa283111724cddde2323a40b

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
56407d7f-cd18-46e9-b01d-0662dba5e5eb
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-665d7155d02581979844685e7fca6c2680af997f9200af455887b1c71c483272

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
bcaa7881-af81-4265-b8a1-c7ad97b68d36f021cad9-0ab5-47ee-8c4c-5b911fb5cad7
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-a56abf73c47338ad4f0cbbabef3edaea96d694bf83aa7695a7814e28d7722d52 · product-8a31832fb18419b4ecfd7cd884efe70f99d40db27cd848db61989a9923be5fbb

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
469b7cf7-426f-422b-aa3d-9ad574663a50
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-8e7094ac066248cd4828b6ec8e3a96d010ed1c68f6083af46638775d737da0ad

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
5a27c28b-0a28-498c-ba78-59b81d9d54bd
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-94613e1f5039e71a9805f20421d56ac6a61e2707d3f97a08fdf6823a65dc7b76

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
8
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4412cf4a-f6cf-4950-baf5-15ea8a91b4f949f9b186-94d0-4689-a638-66d72b26012c50e3f55d-9531-4610-89ca-484e61a3cfd8613f3220-c45a-4d2a-b474-fa691570d000a675d1dc-4f3a-4e28-95b5-73613b962bbeade12129-6e70-480e-aa79-375de772eb9fc322406a-e9f0-451b-8caa-76026c28551addbf1667-8fdf-4a63-8613-89a1aa098ca0
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ff82e7ab-2b66-4b4c-aff7-34a7c4609901
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
4
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
41bc7563-afd9-4bd9-916a-c57c6fb7f6fb6d0109db-bf1f-4f66-98e2-99286766c8e7714c7a78-c5dd-45bf-ba53-efbc00b32498a6d098b4-0b5d-4990-a5df-67c557527ef6

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.8
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.