CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-41277

GeoJSON URL validation can expose server files and environment variables to unauthorized users

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 12, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.5. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 97.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 4, 2026.

81.1–90.8Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Metabase is an open source data analytics platform. In affected versions a security issue has been discovered with the custom GeoJSON map (`admin->settings->maps->custom maps->add a map`) support and potential local file inclusion (including environment variables). URLs were not validated prior to being loaded. This issue is fixed in a new maintenance release (0.40.5 and 1.40.5), and any subsequent release after that. If you’re unable to upgrade immediately, you can mitigate this by including rules in your reverse proxy or load balancer or WAF to provide a validation filter before the application.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Nov 17, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
84%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    GitHub_M

    Record text: GeoJSON URL validation can expose server files and environment variables to unauthorized users

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    GeoJSON URL validation can expose server files and environment variables to unauthorized users
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Metabase GeoJSON API Local File Inclusion Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Metabase GeoJSON API Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 97.18% probability · 99.89th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.971780000000; percentile 0.998880000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD7.5CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
NVD5.0CVSS 2.0 · source date omitted
CVE Program source7.5CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
security-advisories@github.com10.0CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 12, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood97.18%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 4, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 4, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
GitHub_MOriginal assertion
Record text

GeoJSON URL validation can expose server files and environment variables to unauthorized users

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
GeoJSON URL validation can expose server files and environment variables to unauthorized users
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Metabase GeoJSON API Local File Inclusion Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Metabase GeoJSON API Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

97.18% probability · 99.89th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.971780000000; percentile 0.998880000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
10Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
10Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedmetabasemetabaseDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 0.40.5 (custom comparison)Affected: 1.0.0 to before 1.40.5 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "0.40.5", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.0.0", "lessThan": "1.40.5", "versionType": "custom"}]
CISA-ADP · source assertedmetabasemetabaseDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 0.40.5 (custom comparison)Affected: 1.0.0 to before 1.40.5 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "0.40.5", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.0.0", "lessThan": "1.40.5", "versionType": "custom"}]
GitHub_M · source assertedmetabasemetabaseDirect source scope
Affected: < 0.40.5Affected: >= 1.0.0, < 1.40.5
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "< 0.40.5"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 1.0.0, < 1.40.5"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONmetabasemetabaseVulnerable target · 10 assertions
Version 0.40.0; Version 0.40.1; Version 0.40.2; Version 0.40.3; Version 0.40.4; Version 1.40.0; Version 1.40.1; Version 1.40.2; Version 1.40.3; Version 1.40.4Canonical identity product-dfd79f9a5a8f681a2eca826eed2c8aeef98d3b3188bcee3c980383b74a4ec3f4Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:1.40.2:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5c9de222-5f6b-42e3-9b5b-db9ee05c4fd4
  2. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:0.40.2:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7ba0d68d-df27-4726-a893-8d1bcaa39842
  3. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:1.40.3:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    fa1f16c0-63aa-49b5-a28d-d63ba97d07b3
  4. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:0.40.3:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b2c59aa8-0ba6-4eb1-9121-d84c805e6a9c
  5. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:0.40.4:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    bb23ebc1-f524-416b-99f6-143b97d64b01
  6. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:1.40.0:-:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    310fb743-2f8a-415c-af7b-20bcef0c464e
  7. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:1.40.1:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    511b7873-4908-4b1b-b55b-dc90a3bbe659
  8. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:1.40.4:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5aa701cb-58b6-4b17-abcc-b12f2db9f2a3
  9. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:0.40.0:-:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    af64f422-9b51-4949-a9b3-459c77b37c8b
  10. cpe:2.3:a:metabase:metabase:0.40.1:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3f3694d1-a2d8-4451-b4e2-498edf5b93c6

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-3fcd7de227ccec87d3c3e3e7f9c13946c9ba16e23923bb69d179311210fe2945 · product-dfd79f9a5a8f681a2eca826eed2c8aeef98d3b3188bcee3c980383b74a4ec3f4

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
10
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
10f3120b-a8de-4159-b00e-5534e76153741809c79e-d249-431b-b862-ce3355aff0c21c1dcb84-5c9d-44b4-ad44-6ca9fb5bfe06218ff7a3-45b2-4f85-87a2-49fb49579eb65751e40e-3172-40b6-9a30-d0769fce4607b886e49e-f3cc-4d96-898e-6f0b798022e2c0de030a-4475-4a80-9561-9f5e134483b6e2d79483-0a34-46d8-ad9f-bc4c9b21cca8e4abae71-6234-4106-9013-cbb9ba83e38bf8ebcd99-5326-4511-ba6b-0aae2876c766
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
67d9e2de-c62e-4961-863f-7215304bb3ce6aade282-3b5b-42c2-8e49-32e6320097b682d1f650-d070-4a8e-80d7-3fe0ca023229

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.5
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.0
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
7.5
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
10.0
security-advisories@github.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
7.5
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
10.0
GitHub_MCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

10.0Priority eligible

GitHub_M

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
10.0
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
7.5Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.