Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-43890

Windows AppX Installer Spoofing Vulnerability

61.479.2Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

We have investigated reports of a spoofing vulnerability in AppX installer that affects Microsoft Windows. Microsoft is aware of attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially crafted packages that include the malware family known as Emotet/Trickbot/Bazaloader. An attacker could craft a malicious attachment to be used in phishing campaigns. The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the specially crafted attachment. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights. Please see the Security Updates table for the link to the updated app. Alternatively you can download and install the Installer using the links provided in the FAQ section. Please see the Mitigations and Workaround sections for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability. December 27 2023 Update: In recent months, Microsoft Threat Intelligence has seen an increase in activity from threat actors leveraging social engineering and phishing techniques to target Windows OS users and utilizing the ms-appinstaller URI scheme. To address this increase in activity, we have updated the App Installer to disable the ms-appinstaller protocol by default and recommend other potential mitigations.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 15, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
72%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS10.29%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 95.2%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

microsoftoriginal assertion
container

Windows AppX Installer Spoofing Vulnerability

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Microsoft Windows AppX Installer Spoofing Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.102950000000; percentile 0.951830000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
MicrosoftApp Installer
[{"status": "affected", "version": "1.0.0.0", "lessThan": "publication", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:app_installer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 1.16supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:app_installer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 1.11supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1709:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1803:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1903:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1909:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_2004:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.1
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.0
nvd@nist.govCVSS 2.0 · role PrimaryAV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.1
secure@microsoft.comCVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.1
microsoftCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.