CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2021-44515

CVE-2021-44515

84.5–100.0Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central is vulnerable to authentication bypass, leading to remote code execution on the server, as exploited in the wild in December 2021. For Enterprise builds 10.1.2127.17 and earlier, upgrade to 10.1.2127.18. For Enterprise builds 10.1.2128.0 through 10.1.2137.2, upgrade to 10.1.2137.3. For MSP builds 10.1.2127.17 and earlier, upgrade to 10.1.2127.18. For MSP builds 10.1.2128.0 through 10.1.2137.2, upgrade to 10.1.2137.3.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Dec 12, 2021
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
72%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS99.87%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 100.0%

Source stateConflict visible

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

mitreoriginal assertion
container

Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central is vulnerable to authentication bypass, leading to remote code execution on the server, as exploited in the wild in December 2021. For Enterprise builds 10.1.2127.17 and earlier, upgrade to 10.1.2127.18. For Enterprise builds 10.1.2128.0 through 10.1.2137.2, upgrade to 10.1.2137.3. For MSP builds 10.1.2127.17 and earlier, upgrade to 10.1.2127.18. For MSP builds 10.1.2128.0 through 10.1.2137.2, upgrade to 10.1.2137.3.

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Zoho Desktop Central Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.998670000000; percentile 0.999620000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
n/an/a
[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_desktop_central:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*; end excluding 10.1.2127.18supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_desktop_central:*:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*; start including 10.1.2128.0; end excluding 10.1.2137.3supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_desktop_central:*:*:*:*:managed_service_providers:*:*:*; end excluding 10.1.2127.18supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:zohocorp:manageengine_desktop_central:*:*:*:*:managed_service_providers:*:*:*; start including 10.1.2128.0; end excluding 10.1.2137.3supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
nvd@nist.govCVSS 2.0 · role PrimaryAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
9.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.