CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2022-22674

An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Apr 4, 2022). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 5.5. EPSS estimates 1.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

59.4–62.4Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory. This was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3.1, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A local user may be able to read kernel memory.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
May 26, 2022
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apple

    Record text: An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory. This was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3.1, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A local user may be able to read kernel memory.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory. This was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3.1, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A local user may be able to read kernel memory.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apple macOS Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apple macOS Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 1.13% probability · 64.1th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.011330000000; percentile 0.641010000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Apr 4, 2022 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood1.13%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 64.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 5.5

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

appleOriginal assertion
Record text

An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory. This was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3.1, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A local user may be able to read kernel memory.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory. This was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3.1, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A local user may be able to read kernel memory.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apple macOS Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apple macOS Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

1.13% probability · 64.1th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.011330000000; percentile 0.641010000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
18Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
18Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

5 scope groups

apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 12.3 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "12.3", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 2022 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "2022", "versionType": "custom"}]
apple · source assertedApplemacOSDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified to before 11.6 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "11.6", "versionType": "custom"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 11.0, < 11.6.6); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 12.0.0, < 12.3.1)Canonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 16
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 11.0; through excluding 11.6.6
    Match ID
    09a6345c-d813-43ba-b12e-789c80653f86
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 17
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 12.0.0; through excluding 12.3.1
    Match ID
    8c1197be-35fd-471f-9863-72d6bdf5de5a
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemac_os_xVulnerable target · 16 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 10.15, < 10.15.7); Version 10.15.7Canonical identity product-94613e1f5039e71a9805f20421d56ac6a61e2707d3f97a08fdf6823a65dc7b76Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020-007:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2703de0b-8a9e-4a9d-9ae8-028e22bf47ca
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-008:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 11
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8e974dc6-f7d9-4389-9af9-863f6e419ce6
  3. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0f441a43-1669-478d-9ec8-e96882de4f9f
  4. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-002:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 7
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d425c653-37a2-448c-bf2f-b684adb08a26
  5. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a654b8a2-fc30-4171-b0bb-366cd7ed4b6a
  6. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2022-002:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 13
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    20a2fdb2-6712-406a-9896-c0b44508b07d
  7. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020-005:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7fd7176c-f4d1-43a7-9e49-ba92ca0d9980
  8. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-006:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 9
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    012052b5-9aa7-4fd3-9c80-5f615330039d
  9. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 10.15; through excluding 10.15.7
    Match ID
    db8a73f8-3074-4b32-b9f6-343b6b1988c5
  10. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2022-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 12
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    156a6382-2bd3-4882-90b2-8e7cf6659e17
  11. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f12cc8b5-c1eb-419e-8496-b9a3864656ad
  12. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:supplemental_update:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 15
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    c1c795b9-e58d-467c-83a8-2d45c792292f
  13. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020-001:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f1f4bf7f-90d4-4668-b4e6-b06f4070f448
  14. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-007:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 10
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    50f21a3c-0ac3-48c5-a4f8-5a7b478875b4
  15. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2022-003:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 14
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    49f537a0-dc42-4176-b22f-c80d179dd99d
  16. cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-003:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 8
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a54d63b7-b92b-47c3-b1c5-9892e5873a98

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-94613e1f5039e71a9805f20421d56ac6a61e2707d3f97a08fdf6823a65dc7b76

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
16
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
005c5931-8619-4a43-989a-e990e79d60d221792c46-f68c-4859-bb04-08f168d1c4cd23700c16-1c22-45d9-ad19-9b8d5c3083f64f2ceb6a-f141-40a2-97ad-cd127b252ac65053d510-e104-47ef-a7b9-7171c06b8b0e675a6bf0-a27c-46e9-8fe6-a62d67fb143678bd5f9e-1c83-4b73-9135-2d802536b7f77922ae15-d466-445e-b9aa-f231f183d2a4910a3c77-9fe9-479b-965d-f6a723ec3fa499ff3e08-f655-4e80-8cbe-bc2ebac39b39cd6e0866-0d97-437d-8386-fb3978a53479d66be71f-0fda-431b-81bd-41778d8f225ce4998dc3-a920-4b68-9ab6-814f3148c2f3ec594e3f-d94f-426d-82e7-305a094028b5ed9a5bd1-e7b7-42b9-b082-d048902371bdf8616ec9-a630-428f-ad90-2043f6efb1d6
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d6ed6f1e35de2e16a8a10f2ae364dab009bb2afadd609071b20da24d60ce2829 · product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
025173a8-ea3b-4c0a-a43f-199f1bc7d8e53d1cbd82-7126-4ef4-b85f-486e79f84baf
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
65d3effd-e93f-44a0-b83c-6d3680ff88048d80eecc-a045-41fa-9f01-a7f6d9159e4d99278e6d-5194-408f-ab73-007e28dc469e

Assessments

CVSS by origin

5.5
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.9
NVDCVSS 2.0 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:N/A:N
5.5
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.5
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

5.5Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
5.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.