CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2022-23748

mDNSResponder.exe is vulnerable to DLL Sideloading attack.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Feb 6, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 9.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

68.2–69.7Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

mDNSResponder.exe is vulnerable to DLL Sideloading attack. Executable improperly specifies how to load the DLL, from which folder and under what conditions. In these scenarios, a malicious attacker could be using the valid and legitimate executable to load malicious files.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Nov 17, 2022
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
92%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    checkpoint

    Record text: mDNSResponder.exe is vulnerable to DLL Sideloading attack. Executable improperly specifies how to load the DLL, from which folder and under what conditions. In these scenarios, a malicious attacker could be using the valid and legitimate executable to load malicious files.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    mDNSResponder.exe is vulnerable to DLL Sideloading attack. Executable improperly specifies how to load the DLL, from which folder and under what conditions. In these scenarios, a malicious attacker could be using the valid and legitimate executable to load malicious files.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Dante Discovery Process Control Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Dante Discovery Process Control Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 9.09% probability · 94.92th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.090920000000; percentile 0.949160000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Feb 6, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood9.09%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 94.9th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

checkpointOriginal assertion
Record text

mDNSResponder.exe is vulnerable to DLL Sideloading attack. Executable improperly specifies how to load the DLL, from which folder and under what conditions. In these scenarios, a malicious attacker could be using the valid and legitimate executable to load malicious files.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
mDNSResponder.exe is vulnerable to DLL Sideloading attack. Executable improperly specifies how to load the DLL, from which folder and under what conditions. In these scenarios, a malicious attacker could be using the valid and legitimate executable to load malicious files.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Dante Discovery Process Control Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Dante Discovery Process Control Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

9.09% probability · 94.92th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.090920000000; percentile 0.949160000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
2Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
1Target assertions
1Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

checkpoint · source assertedn/aAudinate Dante Application Library for WindowsDirect source scope
Affected: All versions prior to and including 1.2.0
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "All versions prior to and including 1.2.0"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONaudinatedante_application_libraryVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 1.2.0)Canonical identity product-992265669856bc6a7c38eed75d456bc838b5f01fb8eed296b6d0e1ded16c2b92Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:audinate:dante_application_library:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 1.2.0
    Match ID
    d0499e54-58d7-4c09-898f-0d22d30f5ec6
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindowsEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-6a798dc931affc038ba266631a506d54b455ffebd96b4fae68f77b6bd7aef178Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2572d17-1de6-457b-99cc-64afd54487ea

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-3a77b69db2314d5043e4a715635237b191e16b7a7c6e0760b7329193a0f26e5f · product-992265669856bc6a7c38eed75d456bc838b5f01fb8eed296b6d0e1ded16c2b92

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
fb553468-874e-4ee2-a137-939489e24b56
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
01518110-7376-47b5-8bcc-0b3bfe1e3f66

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.