CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2022-2586

It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 26, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 10.2% exploit likelihood as of Oct 22, 2026.

59.6–76.9Priority evidence range
Evidence through Oct 22, 2026, 6:07 PM UTC

As of Oct 22, 2026

Normalized restatement

It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 8, 2024
Updated
Oct 14, 2026
Evidence coverage
72%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Linux Kernel Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Linux Kernel Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    canonical

    Record text: It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted.
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    siemens-SADP

    Record text: Container present

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Container present
    Original evidence ↗
  6. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 10.2% probability · 95.67th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.102020000000; percentile 0.956660000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD7.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
security@ubuntu.com5.3CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 26, 2024 · first observed Sep 1, 2026

Exploit likelihood10.20%

FIRST EPSS · score date Oct 22, 2026 · 95.7th percentile · first observed Oct 22, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Oct 15, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusLast verified source snapshot retained

The last verified source boundary remains in force for this claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Review source contract
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Linux Kernel Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Linux Kernel Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
canonicalOriginal assertion
Record text

It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
It was discovered that a nft object or expression could reference a nft set on a different nft table, leading to a use-after-free once that table was deleted.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
siemens-SADPSource-declared origin
Record text

Container present

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Container present
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

10.2% probability · 95.67th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.102020000000; percentile 0.956660000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
7Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
7Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

5 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source assertedlinuxlinux_kernelDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before 6.0-rc1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.0-rc1", "versionType": "custom"}]
siemens-SADP · source assertedSiemensSIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystemDirect source scope
Affected: 0 to before V1.1 (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "V1.1", "versionType": "custom"}]
canonical · source assertedThe Linux Kernel OrganizationlinuxDirect source scope
Affected: 3.16 to before 4.14.316 (semver comparison)Affected: 4.15 to before 4.19.256 (semver comparison)Affected: 4.20 to before 5.4.211 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.5 to before 5.10.137 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.11 to before 5.15.61 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.16 to before 5.18.18 (semver comparison)Affected: 5.19 to before 5.19.2 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "3.16", "lessThan": "4.14.316", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.15", "lessThan": "4.19.256", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.20", "lessThan": "5.4.211", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.5", "lessThan": "5.10.137", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.11", "lessThan": "5.15.61", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.16", "lessThan": "5.18.18", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.19", "lessThan": "5.19.2", "versionType": "semver"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMcanonicalubuntu_linuxVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Version 14.04; Version 16.04; Version 18.04; Version 20.04; Version 22.04Canonical identity product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    815d70a8-47d3-459c-a32c-9feaca0659d1
  2. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7a5301bf-1402-4be0-a0f8-69fbe79bc6d6
  3. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:20.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    902b8056-9e37-443b-8905-8aa93e2447fb
  4. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:22.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    359012f1-2c63-415a-88b8-6726a87830de
  5. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:18.04:*:*:*:esm:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b3293e55-5506-4587-a318-d1734f781c09
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMlinuxlinux_kernelVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 5.19.17); Version 6.0Canonical identity product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 5.19.17
    Match ID
    3369ae19-74f5-4b36-a1b4-3c7a6fc23c3b
  2. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7be551e5-89cf-47a8-9b26-03ce727fba37

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

0 canonical links · 2 source-reported links

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2488e8c4-4ebb-46ce-8d42-7869c71cf23fcb6d76fb-ff6a-410e-a770-c4cb5eada5fad1c13552-fc1d-45c6-8b7b-0431a5537e6d
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
14
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Oct 22, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0f3c3fa7-d5dd-4c66-a7a5-3ed5adbd8c0011279420-e3dc-4dfd-955d-4d7cb3ba7ea4211a0470-2080-4870-a4af-2a520551c72827986f7a-fd78-4118-abb8-343f3b2705c256a0fdfa-5c75-4a18-a750-d8bc05abfff47173f92c-c7e6-4a4f-a8ee-5a62fe0201e79eb343b6-2024-407c-b204-bc1fc09af5a4a74d14ae-f9c8-4545-b19f-611320343d58a88f761a-bb3b-4591-86c9-ee9a68849575ab6f1bab-2aa4-4848-addb-d9152d1ab2a3af174ca8-0a52-4661-8124-6956370dfae2af8f5e3c-e54b-4d0a-be12-797eb3e67306b7569f40-10e1-4461-aada-d2fac3175872c0457ece-cee4-485e-ba87-50c33417adee

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.3
security@ubuntu.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
5.3
canonicalCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

5.3Priority eligible

canonical

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
5.3
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.