CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-0386

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 17, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 7.9% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

72.5–73.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how a user copies a capable file from a nosuid mount into another mount. This uid mapping bug allows a local user to escalate their privileges on the system.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Mar 22, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
99%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    redhat

    Record text: A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how a user copies a capable file from a nosuid mount into another mount. This uid mapping bug allows a local user to escalate their privileges on the system.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how a user copies a capable file from a nosuid mount into another mount. This uid mapping bug allows a local user to escalate their privileges on the system.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Linux Kernel Improper Ownership Management Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Linux Kernel Improper Ownership Management Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 7.88% probability · 94.27th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.078800000000; percentile 0.942710000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 17, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood7.88%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 94.3th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
redhatOriginal assertion
Record text

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how a user copies a capable file from a nosuid mount into another mount. This uid mapping bug allows a local user to escalate their privileges on the system.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, where unauthorized access to the execution of the setuid file with capabilities was found in the Linux kernel’s OverlayFS subsystem in how a user copies a capable file from a nosuid mount into another mount. This uid mapping bug allows a local user to escalate their privileges on the system.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Linux Kernel Improper Ownership Management Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Linux Kernel Improper Ownership Management Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

7.88% probability · 94.27th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.078800000000; percentile 0.942710000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
21Underlying assertions
13Canonical products
16Target assertions
5Constraint assertions

Grouped from 13 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

14 scope groups

redhat · source assertedn/aKernelDirect source scope
Affected: Linux kernel 6.2-rc6
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "Linux kernel 6.2-rc6"}]
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMcanonicalubuntu_linuxVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Version 18.04; Version 20.04; Version 22.04Canonical identity product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:18.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    23a7c53f-b80f-4e6a-afa9-58eea84be11d
  2. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:22.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    359012f1-2c63-415a-88b8-6726a87830de
  3. cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:20.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    6 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    902b8056-9e37-443b-8905-8aa93e2447fb
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdebiandebian_linuxVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 10.0Canonical identity product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    07b237a9-69a3-4a9c-9da0-4e06bd37ae73
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMlinuxlinux_kernelVulnerable target · 7 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.11, < 5.15.91); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 5.16, < 6.1.9); Version 6.2Canonical identity product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.11; through excluding 5.15.91
    Match ID
    91c2e92d-cc25-4fbd-8824-56a148119d7e
  2. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    725c78c9-12ce-406f-abe8-0813a01d66e8
  3. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a127c155-689c-4f67-b146-44a57f4bfd85
  4. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 5.16; through excluding 6.1.9
    Match ID
    ed5b6045-b1d2-4e03-b194-9005a351bcae
  5. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2bda597b-cac1-4df0-86f0-42e142c654e9
  6. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    ff501633-2f44-4913-a8ee-b021929f49f6
  7. cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    7 · node/0 · match 6
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d34127cc-68f5-4703-a5f6-5006f803e4ae
NVD CPE · HARDWAREnetapph300sEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-5b787f6fb0dbffca7d5383cfa87cd93654a14ed60ccdd59abc2ba697fe7ead69Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h300s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9f9c8c20-42eb-4ab5-bd97-212deb070c43
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMnetapph300s_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-b9e7a301eef0306dd174904e39d76a7c24000b372471d8c7805d9a00b6a6e419Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h300s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6770b6c3-732e-4e22-bf1c-2d2fd610061c
NVD CPE · HARDWAREnetapph410cEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-19a4460172d592ee30b338581dced13baf393eedf54989f7303c0971a7aa6832Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h410c:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    5 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    cddf61b7-ec5c-467c-b710-b89f502cd04f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMnetapph410c_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-3d0915e39b5cbd4a35c4f9144f57e38484db6d2fffb6f1d595f5fd6eb6a7045aLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h410c_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    5 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    234defe0-5ce5-4b0a-96b8-5d227cb8ed31
NVD CPE · HARDWAREnetapph410sEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-ae7668c0a5adbc5d6599144484fb84400193fe6c73d0e6bb570cd2a233e63b35Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h410s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    4 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    8497a4c9-8474-4a62-8331-3fe862ed4098
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMnetapph410s_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-c29ed97377ecd5a1bb977b857e33722917ef8494748bf83825ca6748f85481aeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h410s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d0b4ad8a-f172-4558-aec6-ff424ba2d912
NVD CPE · HARDWAREnetapph500sEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-4c7f1f62606e18f71887f5954346c3f8c8376e418a089dca8282922aa180aff3Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h500s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e63d8b0f-006e-4801-bf9d-1c001bbfb4f9
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMnetapph500s_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-f13a7dff7633e8a34e5465fdbeace2aa7562b47a38b49f4f05dc5e2406bc9c6aLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h500s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7fff7106-ed78-49ba-9ec5-b889e3685d53
NVD CPE · HARDWAREnetapph700sEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-fcd38a3bd0a96c349925cecfd0d22ecf9836f21d88da8f545d6938975aa84275Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h700s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    b06f4839-d16a-4a61-9bb5-55b13f41e47f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMnetapph700s_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-3953d9e2b43fe76a6f94d197de1c80572cc133eca41cf7c6f838a4d8f875fb6dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h700s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    56409cec-5a1e-4450-aa42-641e459cc2af

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

8 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-9c702362a97e8770255c53f324861f65f3209d35ce95f01842c69a458450f6fa · product-0eda7a801761be4590f267cf319481c8c0aaa30546d99cc064edf77989ce05c9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
7
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
4742aff6-2772-42e4-b133-1dd4051384f457a1c090-8d4f-4796-a8c3-11bdf0c4c4a168a8544f-f944-4469-ad27-ae3951e961659e9a3d8e-a0f6-4ce6-a876-df925f9a6f23a4cb6e9e-8429-4ccb-ae6e-ed010653737bb066dc03-7165-4b28-b7eb-dbed2102e1d3c2bc9fd4-09c4-44e2-8e7e-52577baf008a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d1dcf2e2192106a1eb34744930a80b83005fa5d60195c923256e69ac39974aed · product-3953d9e2b43fe76a6f94d197de1c80572cc133eca41cf7c6f838a4d8f875fb6d

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
2f6fcf20-4c2e-4dba-a8c4-1c437499eed9
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-66ae8c5e06427f7450637d18322b0dc411c0b469d940341cf076a620d444fe3c · product-3ccb4bc87dfae98fa2f2a06435fe5b3d9be78572fb958a89f2d7a96b4066447e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7575da2d-6263-460b-a8f9-e369ee5edf12
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d1dcf2e2192106a1eb34744930a80b83005fa5d60195c923256e69ac39974aed · product-3d0915e39b5cbd4a35c4f9144f57e38484db6d2fffb6f1d595f5fd6eb6a7045a

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
fa9f1637-d44a-4a5d-8860-76727c8269da
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-c57a6167e95991f72f9616ac32b40463ac13c5f4929fcce3efc058b09a445b54 · product-a18840e4673d48e569064752e9575849e99b3f173c63d7c965c4c193bcaebef2

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
004d840b-e877-4cdc-9476-b832cff2df7b06ad17b6-a867-4116-91d2-2bfa1e8d08a9a62b5628-38f7-4840-a6ca-b2b369b316b2
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d1dcf2e2192106a1eb34744930a80b83005fa5d60195c923256e69ac39974aed · product-b9e7a301eef0306dd174904e39d76a7c24000b372471d8c7805d9a00b6a6e419

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6c25c28b-423c-43a0-afc2-55fb740baf5f
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d1dcf2e2192106a1eb34744930a80b83005fa5d60195c923256e69ac39974aed · product-c29ed97377ecd5a1bb977b857e33722917ef8494748bf83825ca6748f85481ae

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
bfcb12c7-e26a-4bf9-8b7e-f4eea690c09d
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-d1dcf2e2192106a1eb34744930a80b83005fa5d60195c923256e69ac39974aed · product-f13a7dff7633e8a34e5465fdbeace2aa7562b47a38b49f4f05dc5e2406bc9c6a

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
89b90282-ce5a-4b42-9992-c21215651ea9
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ac1e1f18-edcd-4030-a810-218bf93e82c0

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.