CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-1389

CVE-2023-1389

82.0–97.0Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) firmware versions before 1.1.4 Build 20230219 contained a command injection vulnerability in the country form of the /cgi-bin/luci;stok=/locale endpoint on the web management interface. Specifically, the country parameter of the write operation was not sanitized before being used in a call to popen(), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to inject commands, which would be run as root, with a simple POST request.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Mar 15, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
85%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS100.00%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 100.0%

Source stateNo scored conflict

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

tenableoriginal assertion
container

TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) firmware versions before 1.1.4 Build 20230219 contained a command injection vulnerability in the country form of the /cgi-bin/luci;stok=/locale endpoint on the web management interface. Specifically, the country parameter of the write operation was not sanitized before being used in a call to popen(), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to inject commands, which would be run as root, with a simple POST request.

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

TP-Link Archer AX-21 Command Injection Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.999990000000; percentile 0.999920000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
n/aTP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800)
[{"status": "affected", "version": "All versions prior to version 1.14 Build 20230219"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:archer_ax21:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:archer_ax21_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 1.1.4supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.