CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-20118

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote…

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Mar 3, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 7.2. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 54.1% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

76.3–79.0Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device. Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability. However, administrators may disable the affected feature as described in the Workarounds ["#workarounds"] section. {{value}} ["%7b%7bvalue%7d%7d"])}]]

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 5, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
85%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    cisco

    Record text: A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device. Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability. However, administrators may disable the affected feature as described in the Workarounds ["#workarounds"] section. {{value}} ["%7b%7bvalue%7d%7d"])}]]

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device. Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability. However, administrators may disable the affected feature as described in the Workarounds ["#workarounds"] section. {{value}} ["%7b%7bvalue%7d%7d"])}]]
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 54.11% probability · 98.93th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.541070000000; percentile 0.989270000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD7.2CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
psirt@cisco.com6.5CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Mar 3, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood54.11%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 98.9th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
ciscoOriginal assertion
Record text

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device. Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability. However, administrators may disable the affected feature as described in the Workarounds ["#workarounds"] section. {{value}} ["%7b%7bvalue%7d%7d"])}]]

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device. Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability. However, administrators may disable the affected feature as described in the Workarounds ["#workarounds"] section. {{value}} ["%7b%7bvalue%7d%7d"])}]]
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

54.11% probability · 98.93th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.541070000000; percentile 0.989270000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
12Underlying assertions
12Canonical products
6Target assertions
6Constraint assertions

Grouped from 12 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

13 scope groups

cisco · source assertedCiscoCisco Small Business RV Series Router FirmwareDirect source scope
Affected: 1.0.1.17Affected: 1.0.2.03Affected: 1.1.0.09Affected: 1.1.1.19Affected: 1.1.1.06Affected: 1.2.1.13Affected: 1.2.1.14Affected: 1.3.1.12Affected: 1.3.2.02Affected: 1.3.1.10Affected: 1.4.2.15Affected: 1.4.2.17Affected: 1.4.2.19Affected: 1.4.2.20Affected: 1.4.2.22Affected: 1.5.1.05Affected: 1.5.1.11Affected: 1.5.1.13
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "1.0.1.17"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.0.2.03"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.1.0.09"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.1.1.19"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.1.1.06"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.2.1.13"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.2.1.14"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.3.1.12"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.3.2.02"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.3.1.10"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.4.2.15"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.4.2.17"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.4.2.19"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.4.2.20"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.4.2.22"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.5.1.05"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.5.1.11"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.5.1.13"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscorv016Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-9d97e970b9372f9b20abf8c2e19a8a14eadf1457dd978de5019db196b6b21e68Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    701e3cf5-15c0-419a-97a8-9bd2c55d74ab
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscorv016_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-66c37ef9065bd80286b32962c920c03d67f524ac61b8e4c44949392e8e500a31Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv016_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1e1462e9-4464-492c-8b91-6e020b9dcb23
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscorv042Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-fca922de1415f91ff2d493d88001de2f072e6c560a21c915f46c212d9cf1aaa3Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv042:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2dcbb2d8-aacf-45ea-b9d4-daecc7c792d1
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscorv042_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-b681ee7a7598d48bcdda37514e009af2e4f6329a2ef211a500a23539c0cc9fedLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv042_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    85e01122-cd88-4096-958a-8699b2a3dc3c
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscorv042gEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-01d2d2c992325502e9bf45e4aa4e690688dae275ecd126386aab75e8751b6ef7Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv042g:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f1cd7d9c-ddef-4df0-bcfb-a45301ae2c10
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscorv042g_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-1cc60c0fe61e71c573be4768431370ead9da01648b49be31a83ae16aafcac2f4Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv042g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    0a620d1c-1fbb-46c9-9904-1fc6342ed85e
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscorv082Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-fdd92367b16c23be2191cc2d65041849dd639a1d5d30680dc2a7c3f79162b0a6Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv082:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    3 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    24fc4446-22c0-4ec9-84b4-a76412680105
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscorv082_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-3fb1895aadff511a3e43deea6a24ec58163c6f87b4cfa80443b2cfb4d2ebd9fcLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv082_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    3 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    9bbdb4b5-9528-43ce-b8e6-b509efcd11ba
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscorv320Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-6a201772be00d0070b80c731699abc8e8636404ed2929a7349d051252848472eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv320:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    4 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    7596f6d4-10da-4f29-95ad-75b60f4670d6
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscorv320_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-d3217aac80b6f067fd20e7a89d502d75a701ea8b9f8dfac9dfde0fb7c6f39047Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv320_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    4 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    1ea568a8-286f-4588-b946-6f9c97e08bcf
NVD CPE · HARDWAREciscorv325Environmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-6c5b450a5df9480ac635500249afc8902ee8b8b3d61acf07d48ef0af35b0ce0fLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv325:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    5 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    3435d601-eda8-49ff-8841-ea6df1518c75
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMciscorv325_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained)Canonical identity product-29950a38c3a78ded551fd553c89f82c6462905813ac32e469e93c4ab57285964Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv325_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    5 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f3b7dece-18c4-45ae-af5c-657a4795c7f0

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

6 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-1cc60c0fe61e71c573be4768431370ead9da01648b49be31a83ae16aafcac2f4

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
ce5104c4-9085-4243-a107-abf490547b54
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-29950a38c3a78ded551fd553c89f82c6462905813ac32e469e93c4ab57285964

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
bdbca934-17bc-45a5-95af-a82586ba8c71
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-3fb1895aadff511a3e43deea6a24ec58163c6f87b4cfa80443b2cfb4d2ebd9fc

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
db564f12-ac4e-4bb1-a25d-1d6eac42862a
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-66c37ef9065bd80286b32962c920c03d67f524ac61b8e4c44949392e8e500a31

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
315c552e-8e75-4206-87bc-8dd4cbbbc9d2
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-b681ee7a7598d48bcdda37514e009af2e4f6329a2ef211a500a23539c0cc9fed

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
60df6866-cc77-4ed8-85f7-3113e3942b26
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-0774b265c0e837e737aaf99ed0f2450c048e61f34267ca59d8623878b839334e · product-d3217aac80b6f067fd20e7a89d502d75a701ea8b9f8dfac9dfde0fb7c6f39047

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
70a3aea0-12ed-40f9-8a20-05e771b71a65
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
f1d6b262-7970-41f1-ae00-910d6418fd7e

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.2
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5
psirt@cisco.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
6.5
ciscoCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

6.5Priority eligible

cisco

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
6.5
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.