CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-21608

Adobe Acrobat Reader DC resetForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Oct 10, 2023). adobe reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 61.5% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

79.8–80.9Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 22.003.20282 (and earlier), 22.003.20281 (and earlier) and 20.005.30418 (and earlier) are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jan 18, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    adobe

    Record text: Adobe Acrobat Reader DC resetForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Adobe Acrobat Reader DC resetForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Adobe Acrobat and Reader Use-After-Free Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Adobe Acrobat and Reader Use-After-Free Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 61.48% probability · 99.1th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.614750000000; percentile 0.991000000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Oct 10, 2023 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood61.48%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 99.1th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

adobe · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

adobeOriginal assertion
Record text

Adobe Acrobat Reader DC resetForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC resetForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Adobe Acrobat and Reader Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Adobe Acrobat and Reader Use-After-Free Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

61.48% probability · 99.1th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.614750000000; percentile 0.991000000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
10Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
6Target assertions
4Constraint assertions

Grouped from 6 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

7 scope groups

adobe · source assertedAdobeAcrobat ReaderDirect source scope
Affected: unspecified through 20.005.30418 (custom comparison)Affected: unspecified through 22.003.20282 (custom comparison)Affected: unspecified through 22.003.20281 (custom comparison)Affected: unspecified through None (custom comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "versionType": "custom", "lessThanOrEqual": "20.005.30418"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "versionType": "custom", "lessThanOrEqual": "22.003.20282"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "versionType": "custom", "lessThanOrEqual": "22.003.20281"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "versionType": "custom", "lessThanOrEqual": "None"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobatVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 20.001.30005, <= 20.005.30418)Canonical identity product-ed5d44367bdcb90bad355d7e7359a851dedc6267deefc08f1c50b65634b9019cLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat:*:*:*:*:classic:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 20.001.30005; through including 20.005.30418
    Match ID
    0ea7f4cb-565e-4caa-bdb7-9b04141d5d72
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobat_dcVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.008.20082, <= 22.003.20281); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.008.20082, <= 22.003.20282)Canonical identity product-d52f4403db2ec33efef1ee4992d557c81863172cde027cc48feadace7f308abeLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_dc:*:*:*:*:continuous:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.008.20082; through including 22.003.20281
    Match ID
    af3a489a-5635-482a-a61f-5734417f8518
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_dc:*:*:*:*:continuous:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.008.20082; through including 22.003.20282
    Match ID
    14754e74-395c-4ef7-b0f0-f377afe9889e
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobat_readerVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 20.001.30005, <= 20.005.30418)Canonical identity product-600b6c3e0d80d39770793f8a9da27b869cd246427b21a98d939c2f7b40e67886Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader:*:*:*:*:classic:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 20.001.30005; through including 20.005.30418
    Match ID
    392735bd-1019-4f4f-b477-64cf254a64af
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONadobeacrobat_reader_dcVulnerable target · 2 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.008.20082, <= 22.003.20281); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 15.008.20082, <= 22.003.20282)Canonical identity product-555cc538304e4c7c06c06beb18e8ee52245d2f3acee3e0665299abb4e555a3d9Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader_dc:*:*:*:*:continuous:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.008.20082; through including 22.003.20281
    Match ID
    a5b5460b-c186-4a90-b28e-eeac8a154e7a
  2. cpe:2.3:a:adobe:acrobat_reader_dc:*:*:*:*:continuous:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 15.008.20082; through including 22.003.20282
    Match ID
    cb7101f6-21e8-4b8d-84ae-733503eda65e
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMapplemacosEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-d6f53ba981bb58ea2b0d24855b8ff4a18555e3a17a9dce0d38460a69537bbc63Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    387021a0-af36-463c-a605-32ea7dac172e
  2. cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    387021a0-af36-463c-a605-32ea7dac172e
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindowsEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-6a798dc931affc038ba266631a506d54b455ffebd96b4fae68f77b6bd7aef178Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2572d17-1de6-457b-99cc-64afd54487ea
  2. cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    a2572d17-1de6-457b-99cc-64afd54487ea

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

4 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-555cc538304e4c7c06c06beb18e8ee52245d2f3acee3e0665299abb4e555a3d9

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
421203c9-11d7-4b57-aed5-e3a3ad4f980975d6de39-89f6-4e87-ac49-6a2f63bf3d72
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-600b6c3e0d80d39770793f8a9da27b869cd246427b21a98d939c2f7b40e67886

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
e838dcaa-8679-40c6-b09b-e43bd52da020
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-d52f4403db2ec33efef1ee4992d557c81863172cde027cc48feadace7f308abe

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
18fa1bf0-b044-4808-a9f7-2cb241f4c26bb2a08bd6-6e8f-4f1c-a07c-2c2906b457eb
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-70d8e9d1eb9ce5b2e6b4c9351aebc88bced6ea77611cbc8d5cdbe8115b6faed8 · product-ed5d44367bdcb90bad355d7e7359a851dedc6267deefc08f1c50b65634b9019c

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
40f65a40-c626-4a29-8056-d0787444710f
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8848fd50-1ad2-4dd9-b5fb-0f16b72b900c

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8
psirt@adobe.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8
adobeCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

adobe

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
7.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.