CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-22518

All versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are affected by this unexploited vulnerability.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Nov 7, 2023). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 100.0% exploit likelihood as of Jul 18, 2026.

88.0–90.3Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

All versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are affected by this unexploited vulnerability. This Improper Authorization vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to reset Confluence and create a Confluence instance administrator account. Using this account, an attacker can then perform all administrative actions that are available to Confluence instance administrator leading to - but not limited to - full loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Atlassian Cloud sites are not affected by this vulnerability. If your Confluence site is accessed via an atlassian.net domain, it is hosted by Atlassian and is not vulnerable to this issue.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Oct 31, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    atlassian

    Record text: All versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are affected by this unexploited vulnerability. This Improper Authorization vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to reset Confluence and create a Confluence instance administrator account. Using this account, an attacker can then perform all administrative actions that are available to Confluence instance administrator leading to - but not limited to - full loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability.  Atlassian Cloud sites are not affected by this vulnerability. If your Confluence site is accessed via an atlassian.net domain, it is hosted by Atlassian and is not vulnerable to this issue.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    All versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are affected by this unexploited vulnerability. This Improper Authorization vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to reset Confluence and create a Confluence instance administrator account. Using this account, an attacker can then perform all administrative actions that are available to Confluence instance administrator leading to - but not limited to - full loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability.  Atlassian Cloud sites are not affected by this vulnerability. If your Confluence site is accessed via an atlassian.net domain, it is hosted by Atlassian and is not vulnerable to this issue.
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Atlassian Confluence Data Center and Server Improper Authorization Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Atlassian Confluence Data Center and Server Improper Authorization Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 100% probability · 100th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.999990000000; percentile 0.999960000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Nov 7, 2023 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood100.00%

FIRST EPSS · score date Jul 18, 2026 · 100th percentile · first observed Jul 19, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

atlassianOriginal assertion
Record text

All versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are affected by this unexploited vulnerability. This Improper Authorization vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to reset Confluence and create a Confluence instance administrator account. Using this account, an attacker can then perform all administrative actions that are available to Confluence instance administrator leading to - but not limited to - full loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability.  Atlassian Cloud sites are not affected by this vulnerability. If your Confluence site is accessed via an atlassian.net domain, it is hosted by Atlassian and is not vulnerable to this issue.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
All versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are affected by this unexploited vulnerability. This Improper Authorization vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to reset Confluence and create a Confluence instance administrator account. Using this account, an attacker can then perform all administrative actions that are available to Confluence instance administrator leading to - but not limited to - full loss of confidentiality, integrity and availability.  Atlassian Cloud sites are not affected by this vulnerability. If your Confluence site is accessed via an atlassian.net domain, it is hosted by Atlassian and is not vulnerable to this issue.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Atlassian Confluence Data Center and Server Improper Authorization Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Atlassian Confluence Data Center and Server Improper Authorization Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

100% probability · 100th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.999990000000; percentile 0.999960000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
10Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
10Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

atlassian · source assertedAtlassianConfluence Data CenterDirect source scope
Unaffected: < 1.0.0Affected: >= 1.0.0Unaffected: >= 7.19.16Unaffected: >= 8.3.4Unaffected: >= 8.4.4Unaffected: >= 8.5.3Unaffected: >= 8.6.1
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "< 1.0.0"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 1.0.0"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 7.19.16"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.3.4"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.4.4"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.5.3"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.6.1"}]
atlassian · source assertedAtlassianConfluence ServerDirect source scope
Unaffected: < 1.0.0Affected: >= 1.0.0Unaffected: >= 7.19.16Unaffected: >= 8.3.4Unaffected: >= 8.4.4Unaffected: >= 8.5.3Unaffected: >= 8.6.1
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "unaffected", "version": "< 1.0.0"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 1.0.0"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 7.19.16"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.3.4"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.4.4"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.5.3"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": ">= 8.6.1"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONatlassianconfluence_data_centerVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.0, < 7.19.16); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 7.20.0, < 8.3.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.4.0, < 8.4.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.5.0, < 8.5.3); Version 8.6.0Canonical identity product-46ffcc1c487e05351f85b32368995272472629a66f00f7c366711e9ad6b50a1eLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.0; through excluding 7.19.16
    Match ID
    6efe3358-3c6b-4c54-98b4-e573ac0c6a43
  2. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_data_center:8.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    05e3896a-c145-44db-8370-9263a139765d
  3. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.4.0; through excluding 8.4.4
    Match ID
    56b04148-6ae0-4fd2-bd3d-b07a9e62f229
  4. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.5.0; through excluding 8.5.3
    Match ID
    3660c634-0db0-40b2-a905-1e00360a53fb
  5. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 7.20.0; through excluding 8.3.4
    Match ID
    65733215-581d-4f2a-b023-899386a4a59c
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONatlassianconfluence_serverVulnerable target · 5 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (>= 1.0, < 7.19.16); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 7.20.0, < 8.3.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.4.0, < 8.4.4); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 8.5.0, < 8.5.3); Version 8.6.0Canonical identity product-d78d3c5ab9c4bc766839e98def83496ad4b2f4f37b30094660d7525704ae86c2Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.5.0; through excluding 8.5.3
    Match ID
    5da741b1-9aa7-42f6-8f50-32fe732d25d5
  2. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 7.20.0; through excluding 8.3.4
    Match ID
    06fd0f88-133b-4421-8644-1948fda2aa65
  3. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 1.0; through excluding 7.19.16
    Match ID
    949f14bd-cbdd-4633-8a72-3ca2b6310cbb
  4. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_server:8.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    e995f8f6-e9a6-4076-8ae8-38a28a5f58d3
  5. cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:confluence_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 8.4.0; through excluding 8.4.4
    Match ID
    f459bb01-a089-4128-93ad-a71fe3b49e22

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-2c6716ad07a7f126f6c3b10254124705a45f0fa6586f2803bb482afd1584ee5f · product-46ffcc1c487e05351f85b32368995272472629a66f00f7c366711e9ad6b50a1e

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
9112d2d6-e06a-4052-9ddb-b7838685a3c5de8f725c-733e-4a8b-bd56-1c61c52a962af9e5c00a-07b3-4efc-9df3-94683a7f4f97fce6dbbe-4059-45e7-943a-979bdb88e634fcff03dd-dd7c-4424-bda0-04ce6895541b
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-2c6716ad07a7f126f6c3b10254124705a45f0fa6586f2803bb482afd1584ee5f · product-d78d3c5ab9c4bc766839e98def83496ad4b2f4f37b30094660d7525704ae86c2

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
5
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
17b792af-82c8-4ef8-87c5-1512349989ac1893a9aa-8034-4ea8-aec7-ec28d30f16364760e385-3c13-4b5e-ba20-727773d546364eabd124-a90b-4132-9289-290c0690000cc6645621-2194-4a1b-be3c-307f0665f753
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
0c73ad18-31f0-460f-9059-f38573fb7ee626739c2f-8a77-4b74-8ab5-bfc76d089605

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
security@atlassian.comCVSS 3.0 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0
atlassianCVSS 3.0 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

10.0Priority eligible

atlassian

CVSS 3.0 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
10.0
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.