CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-25280

OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Sep 30, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. EPSS estimates 97.9% exploit likelihood as of Aug 18, 2026.

86.9–89.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Mar 16, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: D-Link DIR-820 Router OS Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    D-Link DIR-820 Router OS Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 97.86% probability · 99.9th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.978640000000; percentile 0.999030000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Sep 30, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood97.86%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 18, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 18, 2026

SeverityCVSS 9.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR820LA1_FW105B03 allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ping_addr parameter to ping.ccp.
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

D-Link DIR-820 Router OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
D-Link DIR-820 Router OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

97.86% probability · 99.9th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.978640000000; percentile 0.999030000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
2Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
1Target assertions
1Constraint assertions

Grouped from 2 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

4 scope groups

CISA-ADP · source asserteddlinkdir820la1_firmwareDirect source scope
Affected: 105b03
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "105b03"}]
mitre · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREdlinkdir-820lEnvironmental constraint · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-77dd15fc713af02af2caf6ce98aba53e95b8082ca5eaad9d63e796c608e8e670Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:h:dlink:dir-820l:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    88ce60cd-dcda-43e0-80a9-257557edbc29
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMdlinkdir-820l_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version 1.05b03Canonical identity product-e4c4f4a926131189fb124e8748d03d68ecc715f25b1e7c9193d23b126544af5dLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:dlink:dir-820l_firmware:1.05b03:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5195e86a-22a4-412b-b22c-614a68942fb5

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-63b4eb7686e07dcd86850729591b5c1d9eee457c4dfc395dd47498ea390af81f · product-e4c4f4a926131189fb124e8748d03d68ecc715f25b1e7c9193d23b126544af5d

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
21f33416-d78d-4a73-863b-7a712629cc35
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
2
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
8309d96b-7551-4090-942d-59535aa2e265bc1908c8-208c-4b9a-a03a-06334b3121f2

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

9.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
9.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.