CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-2533

PaperCut MF/NG 22.0.10 (Build 65996 2023-03-27) - Remote code execution via CSRF

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jul 28, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 29.2% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

75.3–77.6Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability has been identified in PaperCut NG/MF, which, under specific conditions, could potentially enable an attacker to alter security settings or execute arbitrary code. This could be exploited if the target is an admin with a current login session. Exploiting this would typically involve the possibility of deceiving an admin into clicking a specially crafted malicious link, potentially leading to unauthorized changes.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 20, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
97%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

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  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    Fluid Attacks

    Record text: PaperCut MF/NG 22.0.10 (Build 65996 2023-03-27) - Remote code execution via CSRF

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    PaperCut MF/NG 22.0.10 (Build 65996 2023-03-27) - Remote code execution via CSRF
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: PaperCut NG/MF Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    PaperCut NG/MF Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 29.25% probability · 98.03th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.292460000000; percentile 0.980310000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jul 28, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood29.25%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 98th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
Fluid AttacksOriginal assertion
Record text

PaperCut MF/NG 22.0.10 (Build 65996 2023-03-27) - Remote code execution via CSRF

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
PaperCut MF/NG 22.0.10 (Build 65996 2023-03-27) - Remote code execution via CSRF
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

PaperCut NG/MF Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
PaperCut NG/MF Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

29.25% probability · 98.03th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.292460000000; percentile 0.980310000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
6Underlying assertions
2Canonical products
6Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

3 scope groups

Fluid Attacks · source assertedPaperCutPaperCut NG/MFDirect source scope
Affected: 22.0.10 to before 2.1.1 (custom comparison)Unaffected: 21.2.12Unaffected: 20.1.8
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "22.0.10", "lessThan": "2.1.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "21.2.12"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "20.1.8"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONpapercutpapercut_mfVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 20.1.8); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 21.0.0, < 21.2.12); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 22.0.0, < 22.1.1)Canonical identity product-14dcf5eeaf50aac0f976e8addf97fc8443e6dba787dc748af9188d8bb500a783Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:papercut:papercut_mf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 20.1.8
    Match ID
    c32f194d-d229-4694-b8ad-94bb7b427378
  2. cpe:2.3:a:papercut:papercut_mf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 2
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 22.0.0; through excluding 22.1.1
    Match ID
    b94f9ec5-ec1d-47cb-abda-90845c4485aa
  3. cpe:2.3:a:papercut:papercut_mf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 21.0.0; through excluding 21.2.12
    Match ID
    373e06e9-6aab-45d4-84fe-b12bb48086d7
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONpapercutpapercut_ngVulnerable target · 3 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (< 20.1.8); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 21.0.0, < 21.2.12); Any version (unconstrained) (>= 22.0.0, <= 22.1.1)Canonical identity product-bacdf95818ebe4d4b7864029d8b2827411ae884ae2fe2e1bb3cf52ca7e265fb3Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:a:papercut:papercut_ng:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 5
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 22.0.0; through including 22.1.1
    Match ID
    bf6b8ba0-f12a-4cd7-8b99-58f7b32ed08e
  2. cpe:2.3:a:papercut:papercut_ng:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 3
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through excluding 20.1.8
    Match ID
    e79d1429-d66b-4a09-8375-b92d667d54a3
  3. cpe:2.3:a:papercut:papercut_ng:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 4
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    from including 21.0.0; through excluding 21.2.12
    Match ID
    bbe00f06-73fb-4a8d-8c34-54517a08ca7a

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

2 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-2022050333d91159667dee48255d2bd9f768d58f2e5cde816a1fcb844338627d · product-14dcf5eeaf50aac0f976e8addf97fc8443e6dba787dc748af9188d8bb500a783

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
063c2c41-65d1-44a8-8b54-ac1813f75daa8dd296b6-37e2-4fb0-abdd-974fb59f9a2991cfffd9-4122-4620-ab4b-8a4eb9f3f32f
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-2022050333d91159667dee48255d2bd9f768d58f2e5cde816a1fcb844338627d · product-bacdf95818ebe4d4b7864029d8b2827411ae884ae2fe2e1bb3cf52ca7e265fb3

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
3
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
3d012c75-23f7-4a00-94d4-78de2ee32eb15cc2c1b4-3471-4d0f-b17f-71328a63adedca33a339-899b-4110-9f60-39e2bc15d278
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
7f2ca4b2-4c67-4fd9-a721-e74610f0e633

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.4
help@fluidattacks.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.4
Fluid AttacksCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.4Priority eligible

Fluid Attacks

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.4
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.