CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-27524

Apache Superset: Session validation vulnerability when using provided default SECRET_KEY

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jan 8, 2024). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 9.8. Severity assessments differ within at least one CVSS version. EPSS estimates 97.4% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

84.6–88.4Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Session Validation attacks in Apache Superset versions up to and including 2.0.1. Installations that have not altered the default configured SECRET_KEY according to installation instructions allow for an attacker to authenticate and access unauthorized resources. This does not affect Superset administrators who have changed the default value for SECRET_KEY config. All superset installations should always set a unique secure random SECRET_KEY. Your SECRET_KEY is used to securely sign all session cookies and encrypting sensitive information on the database. Add a strong SECRET_KEY to your `superset_config.py` file like: SECRET_KEY = <YOUR_OWN_RANDOM_GENERATED_SECRET_KEY> Alternatively you can set it with `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` environment variable.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 24, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
80%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    apache

    Record text: Apache Superset: Session validation vulnerability when using provided default SECRET_KEY

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    Apache Superset: Session validation vulnerability when using provided default SECRET_KEY
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: Apache Superset Insecure Default Initialization of Resource Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    Apache Superset Insecure Default Initialization of Resource Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 97.41% probability · 99.89th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.974050000000; percentile 0.998930000000
    Original evidence ↗

Assessments differ

NVD9.8CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted
security@apache.org8.9CVSS 3.1 · source date omitted

Values are shown separately by source and CVSS version.

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jan 8, 2024 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood97.41%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 99.9th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityAssessments differ

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · values shown separately below

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentAssessments differ

Eligible assertions materially conflict and remain visible side by side.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve conflict
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

apacheOriginal assertion
Record text

Apache Superset: Session validation vulnerability when using provided default SECRET_KEY

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Apache Superset: Session validation vulnerability when using provided default SECRET_KEY
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

Apache Superset Insecure Default Initialization of Resource Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Apache Superset Insecure Default Initialization of Resource Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

97.41% probability · 99.89th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.974050000000; percentile 0.998930000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
1Underlying assertions
1Canonical products
1Target assertions
0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

2 scope groups

apache · source assertedApache Software FoundationApache SupersetDirect source scope
Affected: 0 through 2.0.1 (semver comparison)
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "2.0.1"}]
NVD CPE · APPLICATIONapachesupersetVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Any version (unconstrained) (<= 2.0.1)Canonical identity product-fb542760246c17aee5d5a12f496cfd339888c3ef123dd5eb8da6c24f8f23cac5Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:a:apache:superset:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    through including 2.0.1
    Match ID
    20e98f0d-b484-4fa4-8273-074a75ed3227

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

1 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-8771dac0ae5eeec984ca23e4bbe5a243fb7896ad7c1c4afc6acd3abe53fdd152 · product-fb542760246c17aee5d5a12f496cfd339888c3ef123dd5eb8da6c24f8f23cac5

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
66b1bd35-e42c-40e3-be91-ef53238e9227
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
281e093d-b44d-473f-baa5-2d1cc5028372

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.9
security@apache.orgCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
8.9
apacheCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.9Priority eligible

apache

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.9
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.