CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-27997

CVE-2023-27997

83.0–98.0Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS version 7.2.4 and below, version 7.0.11 and below, version 6.4.12 and below, version 6.0.16 and below and FortiProxy version 7.2.3 and below, version 7.0.9 and below, version 2.0.12 and below, version 1.2 all versions, version 1.1 all versions SSL-VPN may allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 13, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
85%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS85.69%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 99.7%

Source stateNo scored conflict

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

fortinetoriginal assertion
container

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS version 7.2.4 and below, version 7.0.11 and below, version 6.4.12 and below, version 6.0.16 and below and FortiProxy version 7.2.3 and below, version 7.0.9 and below, version 2.0.12 and below, version 1.2 all versions, version 1.1 all versions SSL-VPN may allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests.

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy SSL-VPN Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.856890000000; percentile 0.997010000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
FortinetFortiOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "7.2.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.4"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7.0.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.11"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.4.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.12"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.13"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.16"}]unknown
FortinetFortiOS-6K7K
[{"status": "affected", "version": "7.0.10"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7.0.5"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.4.12"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.4.10"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.4.8"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.4.6"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.4.2"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.9", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.13"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.6", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.7"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.4"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.12", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.16"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.10"}]unknown
FortinetFortiProxy
[{"status": "affected", "version": "7.2.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.3"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7.0.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.9"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2.0.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "2.0.12"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.2.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "1.2.13"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1.1.0", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "1.1.6"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 1.1.0; end including 1.1.6supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 1.2.0; end including 1.2.13supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 2.0.0; end including 2.0.12supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 7.0.0; end including 7.0.9supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 7.2.0; end including 7.2.3supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:h:fortinet:fortigate_6000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:h:fortinet:fortigate_7000:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*constrained
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 6.0.0; end including 6.0.16supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 6.2.0; end including 6.2.13supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 6.4.0; end including 6.4.12supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 7.0.0; end including 7.0.11supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 7.2.0; end including 7.2.4supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 6.0.12; end including 6.0.16supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 6.2.9; end including 6.2.13supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

9.8
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8
psirt@fortinet.comCVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.2
fortinetCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:X/RC:R

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.