CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-28206

CVE-2023-28206

71.4–86.4Priority evidence range
As known Jul 19, 2026, 5:00 AM UTCgen-56ccdaf9

Normalized restatement

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.6.5, iOS 16.4.1 and iPadOS 16.4.1, macOS Ventura 13.3.1, iOS 15.7.5 and iPadOS 15.7.5, macOS Big Sur 11.7.6. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Apr 10, 2023
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage
85%
CISA KEVCatalog member

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

FIRST EPSS24.51%

2026-07-18 · v2026.06.15 · percentile 97.6%

Source stateNo scored conflict

Distinct CVSS assessments remain side by side; none are averaged.

Source comparison

Who said what

appleoriginal assertion
container

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.6.5, iOS 16.4.1 and iPadOS 16.4.1, macOS Ventura 13.3.1, iOS 15.7.5 and iPadOS 15.7.5, macOS Big Sur 11.7.6. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

CISA-ADPindependent enrichment
container

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

CVEderivative copy
container

CVE Program Container

CISA KEVoriginal assertion
observed_exploitation

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS IOSurfaceAccelerator Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability

FIRST EPSSoriginal assertion
model_probability

Probability 0.245130000000; percentile 0.976350000000

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
AppleiOS and iPadOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "15.7", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
AppleiOS and iPadOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "16.4", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
ApplemacOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "11.7", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
ApplemacOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "12.6", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
ApplemacOS
[{"status": "affected", "version": "unspecified", "lessThan": "13.3", "versionType": "custom"}]unknown
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 15.7.5supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 16.0; end excluding 16.4.1supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 15.7.5supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 16.0; end excluding 16.4.1supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; end excluding 11.7.6supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 12.0; end excluding 12.6.5supported
Unknown vendorUnknown product
cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*; start including 13.0; end excluding 13.3.1supported

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.6
nvd@nist.govCVSS 3.1 · role PrimaryCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0CVSS 3.1 · role SecondaryCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.6
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknownCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Limitations and unknowns

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; unresolved scope remains unknown.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative and are not independent corroboration.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Factor D is unknown in Public Core because no accepted canonical mapping-obligation ledger is present.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.