Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-28252

Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Apr 11, 2023). microsoft reports CVSS 3.1 7.8. EPSS estimates 49.0% exploit likelihood as of Aug 26, 2026.

80.4–86.3Priority evidence range

Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

State: PUBLISHED
Published: Apr 11, 2023
Updated: Oct 21, 2025
Evidence coverage: 90%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CISA-ADP
Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Original evidence ↗
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CVE Program
Record text: CVE Program Container
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Original evidence ↗
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
microsoft
Record text: Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Original evidence ↗
Source dateJul 16, 2026First observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026
CISA KEV
Exploitation cataloged: Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Original evidence ↗
Source dateAug 26, 2026First observed by CASCAAug 26, 2026
FIRST EPSS
EPSS score: 48.97% probability · 98.79th percentile
Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.489730000000; percentile 0.987900000000
Original evidence ↗

ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Apr 11, 2023 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood48.97%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 26, 2026 · 98.8th percentile · first observed Aug 26, 2026

SeverityCVSS 7.8

microsoft · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1

Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision: casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: None

Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision: casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff: Aug 27, 2026
Resolution: Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment

Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

CVE ProgramDerivative copy

Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: CVE Program Container

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

microsoftOriginal assertion

Record text

Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion

Field: container
Value: Windows Common Log File System Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

CISA KEVOriginal assertion

Exploitation cataloged

Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion

Field: observed_exploitation
Value: Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Source dateJul 16, 2026First observed by CASCAJul 19, 2026Original evidence ↗

FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion

EPSS score

48.97% probability · 98.79th percentile

Inspect raw assertion

Field: model_probability
Value: Probability 0.489730000000; percentile 0.987900000000

Source dateAug 26, 2026First observed by CASCAAug 26, 2026Original evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →

15Underlying assertions

13Canonical products

15Target assertions

0Constraint assertions

Grouped from 1 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries

Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

Search scopeRoleOfficial link state

36 scope groups

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1507Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.10240.0 to before 10.0.10240.19869 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.10240.0", "lessThan": "10.0.10240.19869", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1607Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.5850 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.14393.0", "lessThan": "10.0.14393.5850", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1809Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.4252 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.17763.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.4252", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 1809Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.0 to before 10.0.17763.4252 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.4252", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 20H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.0 to before 10.0.19042.2846 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.0", "lessThan": "10.0.19042.2846", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 21H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.19043.0 to before 10.0.19044.2846 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.19043.0", "lessThan": "10.0.19044.2846", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 10 Version 22H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.19045.0 to before 10.0.19045.2846 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.19045.0", "lessThan": "10.0.19045.2846", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 11 version 21H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.0 to before 10.0.22000.1817 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.0", "lessThan": "10.0.22000.1817", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows 11 version 22H2Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.22621.0 to before 10.0.22621.1555 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.22621.0", "lessThan": "10.0.22621.1555", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Direct source scope

Affected: 6.1.7601.0 to before 6.1.7601.26466 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1.7601.0", "lessThan": "6.1.7601.26466", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.1.7601.0 to before 6.1.7601.26466 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1.7601.0", "lessThan": "6.1.7601.26466", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Direct source scope

Affected: 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.22015 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.6003.0", "lessThan": "6.0.6003.22015", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Direct source scope

Affected: 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.22015 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.6003.0", "lessThan": "6.0.6003.22015", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.22015 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.6003.0", "lessThan": "6.0.6003.22015", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012Direct source scope

Affected: 6.2.9200.0 to before 6.2.9200.24216 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.9200.0", "lessThan": "6.2.9200.24216", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012 R2Direct source scope

Affected: 6.3.9600.0 to before 6.3.9600.20919 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.3.9600.0", "lessThan": "6.3.9600.20919", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.3.9600.0 to before 6.3.9600.20919 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.3.9600.0", "lessThan": "6.3.9600.20919", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 6.2.9200.0 to before 6.2.9200.24216 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "6.2.9200.0", "lessThan": "6.2.9200.24216", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2016Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.5850 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.14393.0", "lessThan": "10.0.14393.5850", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.5850 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.14393.0", "lessThan": "10.0.14393.5850", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2019Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.4252 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.17763.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.4252", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.4252 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.17763.0", "lessThan": "10.0.17763.4252", "versionType": "custom"}]

microsoft · source assertedMicrosoftWindows Server 2022Direct source scope

Affected: 10.0.20348.0 to before 10.0.20348.1668 (custom comparison)

Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion

[{"status": "affected", "version": "10.0.20348.0", "lessThan": "10.0.20348.1668", "versionType": "custom"}]

NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_10_1507Vulnerable target · 1 assertions

Any version (unconstrained) (< 10.0.10240.19869)Canonical identity product-9851bd571b8ab08bca589cd73710badfef557d036f0fb7707f694f1c9f597cb4Linked exact

Scope supported

Inspect raw assertion

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 0
Logic
OR
Version bounds
through excluding 10.0.10240.19869
Match ID
f7aa917b-149d-4462-85a6-e1e8d4af7836

NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMmicrosoftwindows_10_1607Vulnerable target · 1 assertions

Any version (unconstrained) (< 10.0.14393.5850)Canonical identity product-740fec3e9838b5eabe76ebe27e4d0d7a4cb2e0ef7e13923300d3d0b51e3fce1cLinked exact

Scope supported

Inspect raw assertion

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Official link
Linked exact
Role
Vulnerable target
Configuration
0 · node/0 · match 1
Logic
OR
Version bounds
through excluding 10.0.14393.5850
Match ID
d3845ba8-1885-4b32-a069-9cd95e9895a6

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

13 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-02e254d111ce604757a15650ef469f4f8365d6247da82ce3ac2695c3cfc7dc5f

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

313a51c3-7da8-41d3-a49d-f463bf61f609

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-217b1ab3d25f361a639824f86753d418b35aa2a816ee370bb71b5d1dd883d87a

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

97968b39-89c7-4d1e-a38f-c8c17726ce5bf6933da0-7b5c-4625-b442-75721d3e930a

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-25a2932c0bbcb648f7e391c8b9d34c734e5085444c03c1c206b9d4c4baa80b25

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

26cbc285-575d-46c3-8ec5-bf32b57c5de3

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-55e90faed8848f3d316cf702d119e83086b6dc5a963d9947a7df1c589f50346d

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

1f1c5a41-1407-47b0-830b-40218af85d8c

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-5a80416e92fed0cddbb3d4f3840218b448dee11159824ad25a0353da566963fe

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 2
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

99d4c189-8f5b-4281-bbc9-6805bf6a2a9be63b2aec-ece8-494b-9956-cef0791fd533

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-740fec3e9838b5eabe76ebe27e4d0d7a4cb2e0ef7e13923300d3d0b51e3fce1c

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

ea183719-66ca-4069-9dbb-61024057b63e

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-7fe28b5b5b17e017d9554204df059dd619746ffb5c80da87bcbfb1c52720d2f4

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

f5d74b6d-0e25-4242-bdfc-04810d029a27

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-9851bd571b8ab08bca589cd73710badfef557d036f0fb7707f694f1c9f597cb4

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

ca7c3e8b-80db-491b-9ca5-743163ff1b04

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-a3084138383423221f61594e86f5b295e5e254acd7ae5284f45e0877a084db43

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

c6b1d1c5-9010-422c-8e34-a8bdb37552e1

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-a6295b9daad3ca57ce70751badba5b7fe99229c8a562cc7400e8cfef3daccaee

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

eed409ed-9f64-4059-8aae-16e1dd0e2fbf

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-d196d31962e613955a91e33e795c22dcfa7bf25173abebaca616a6350cce9ce1

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

3d254097-d341-4d1b-9471-d914c1c145e2

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-ec10c9f400f23fdf118887f60fe116ffde4adb76dcf118cdd3a7556fd033da3b

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

1cd44a85-c671-421f-a240-b099d06dd46a

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-01299a5a765aea70faa05f2d06e0c26a5d498fd34553e868d89e8a43b31864db · product-f8c509b6ec25f2a4338a23556be321da5a7c3e8da9f1a4c52f7f15dd0e9a0d2a

Source class: Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions: 1
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

9c152c0b-8097-4e20-a892-841e7f583c4c

Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class: Direct cve affected
Assertions: 23
Mapping revision: cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff: Aug 27, 2026

Retained assertion IDs

00fcdb4a-9dec-4f67-836b-1a80907b111e05801361-2610-41f2-9855-de0c411d9c241b19b1e8-3460-407d-b0e3-f371327b0b9c1ff1f90d-8ab1-4d65-b8ff-99d75c2394ae2e87836d-c01f-4b85-81b0-cf14c35a5f8b2fab4d96-e3b4-4d44-97fd-57712e2634982fe29893-f134-4c68-b0b3-91c7584d0bfd32bd3160-14f9-4b62-8d43-a38802b901df3bedccef-a2bd-4cd5-8886-af1ac6a1fc354196f905-0d78-41c5-99bd-fa838c041b7d515fe3b7-7462-4db8-b8c5-c16443a5c596539f3728-e634-4eeb-bc3b-4098d827050c71ebae97-7cd5-40f5-8c1e-66ff32806cda7c38b939-a6b8-4b74-abee-f4e5cee203e989c656a1-d9f7-46e7-ae25-a96fa42c701a8b4e3402-ab2f-45ea-bbed-88ae83563cd5a26ecbb2-f13b-4285-8817-84c51ad38698be1ab838-aa35-4289-9ca6-396ae10de0c4db099ab0-481d-473d-84c0-28c8e183ff5ce86b405e-0461-461c-b888-f31b99ac0e44ed03f198-e721-4baa-8811-98f141209313f309c2ee-0787-431a-ada1-bc3dedfdf176ff0706e7-eaca-4109-aa9a-a9ac096d90a1

Assessments

CVSS by origin

7.8

secure@microsoft.comCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

7.8

microsoftCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

7.8Priority eligible

microsoft

CVSS 3.1 · Primary · Original assertion · rank 1

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

Validation: Valid match
Recomputed: 7.8
Decision reason: Evidence supported
Policy: casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.