CASCACascade Atlas

Evidence dossier

CVE-2023-33538

TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV since Jun 16, 2025). NVD reports CVSS 3.1 8.8. EPSS estimates 41.9% exploit likelihood as of Aug 27, 2026.

79.1–80.2Priority evidence range
Evidence current through Aug 27, 2026, 6:09 PM UTC

As of Aug 27, 2026

Normalized restatement

TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .

State
PUBLISHED
Published
Jun 7, 2023
Updated
Dec 20, 2025
Evidence coverage
96%

Evidence chronology

What was known when

Download this view's receipt →
  1. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA-ADP

    Record text: CISA ADP Vulnrichment

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CISA ADP Vulnrichment
    Original evidence ↗
  2. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    CVE Program

    Record text: CVE Program Container

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    CVE Program Container
    Original evidence ↗
  3. Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCA
    mitre

    Record text: TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    container
    Value
    TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .
    Original evidence ↗
  4. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    CISA KEV

    Exploitation cataloged: TP-Link Multiple Routers Command Injection Vulnerability

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    observed_exploitation
    Value
    TP-Link Multiple Routers Command Injection Vulnerability
    Original evidence ↗
  5. Source dateFirst observed by CASCA
    FIRST EPSS

    EPSS score: 41.87% probability · 98.59th percentile

    Inspect raw assertion
    Field
    model_probability
    Value
    Probability 0.418740000000; percentile 0.985850000000
    Original evidence ↗
ExploitationCatalog member

CISA KEV · catalog date Jun 16, 2025 · first observed Jul 19, 2026

Exploit likelihood41.87%

FIRST EPSS · score date Aug 27, 2026 · 98.6th percentile · first observed Aug 27, 2026

SeverityCVSS 8.8

NVD · CVSS 3.1 · first observed Jul 19, 2026 · same-version scores align in this snapshot

Evidence detail

Source limits and decisions

Why each evidence state has this value

casca-unknown-reasons-v1
Exploitation statusEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Exploit likelihoodEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
evidence-policy-v1.1.0
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Severity assessmentEvidence supported

Eligible evidence is present for this bounded claim.

Revision
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
None
Affected productsSource-reported scope

The cited source assertion is retained while canonical product linkage remains open.

Revision
casca-factor-d-obligations-v1
Cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Resolution
Resolve identity

Source comparison

Who said what

CISA-ADPIndependent enrichment
Record text

CISA ADP Vulnrichment

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CVE ProgramDerivative copy
Record text

CVE Program Container

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
CVE Program Container
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
mitreOriginal assertion
Record text

TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .

Inspect raw assertion
Field
container
Value
TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .
Source dateSource date omittedFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
CISA KEVOriginal assertion
Exploitation cataloged

TP-Link Multiple Routers Command Injection Vulnerability

Inspect raw assertion
Field
observed_exploitation
Value
TP-Link Multiple Routers Command Injection Vulnerability
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗
FIRST EPSSOriginal assertion
EPSS score

41.87% probability · 98.59th percentile

Inspect raw assertion
Field
model_probability
Value
Probability 0.418740000000; percentile 0.985850000000
Source dateFirst observed by CASCAOriginal evidence ↗

Applicability

Cited product scope

Trace impact →
9Underlying assertions
6Canonical products
3Target assertions
6Constraint assertions

Grouped from 6 configuration nodes in this exact snapshot. Visual grouping is navigational; asset exposure and root cause require cited evidence.

Identity source boundaries
  • Cpe dictionary1,775,266 records · observed through 2026-07-21T06:45:29.809Z27d65b0f-b718-4b4f-bb79-c47c68d09dfa
  • Cpe match643,502 records · observed through 2026-07-21T08:13:17.697Z955dae73-7302-438b-aee1-058d7cc5d48e

7 scope groups

mitre · source assertedn/an/aDirect source scope
Affected: n/a
Source-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Inspect raw assertion[{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linktl-wr740nEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version 1.0; Version 2.0Canonical identity product-d856782f5b40995b57b0f1339c92aa570ff50f70f7b282a17632dfbbc45a517eLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr740n:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6284ab5d-17fd-411b-99a1-948434193041
  2. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr740n:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    2 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    5e7d2e14-77d8-4534-bbd1-d52ada5b175f
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linktl-wr740n_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-24d04b69397dfeb5ba34d12d7054e5c4374d31dba14cea336e19ad17b9915870Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:tl-wr740n_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    2 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    13ca99b0-be20-4850-9d5e-2cc6020c4775
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linktl-wr841nEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version 10.0; Version 8.0Canonical identity product-afe079d295eb0172f77ccb0bf344cffaff32f51eed83f0661820a02f614a835bLinked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr841n:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    694b53d1-8714-4678-a9cf-51ff230c8bc4
  2. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr841n:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    1 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    d1520c26-52d3-46e6-b11b-89c4085ddf23
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linktl-wr841n_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-d058d3adc752ef645021364b044603ee3e3e85e2803ed68bbcb5339a00fd9b14Linked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:tl-wr841n_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    1 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    f7f95370-1001-4194-a0cb-b3cea027ab6d
NVD CPE · HARDWAREtp-linktl-wr940nEnvironmental constraint · 2 assertions
Version 2.0; Version 4.0Canonical identity product-72ac8260cb819462a3ab5bd8d37844cc70db92484df938f12ee77ff454141600Linked exact
Scope constrained
Inspect raw assertions
  1. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr940n:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 1
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    6212f19c-e507-43bc-b3f0-7ddabb84be20
  2. cpe:2.3:h:tp-link:tl-wr940n:2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Environmental constraint
    Configuration
    0 · node/1 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    68707068-83d6-460c-9107-1b86fc95f6dc
NVD CPE · OPERATING SYSTEMtp-linktl-wr940n_firmwareVulnerable target · 1 assertions
Version not applicableCanonical identity product-2aab218cb1665c5e65d95ac31645e4a58c57eb2d46daaa6ae4c258ee8686cdfdLinked exact
Scope supported
Inspect raw assertion
  1. cpe:2.3:o:tp-link:tl-wr940n_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Official link
    Linked exact
    Role
    Vulnerable target
    Configuration
    0 · node/0 · match 0
    Logic
    OR
    Version bounds
    No explicit bounds
    Match ID
    2492a6ca-dff1-42dc-8800-4a66d8943c33

Affected-product evidence

Accepted scope and product mapping

3 canonical links · 1 source-reported links

Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6d5b48b0c21af0da9be49aa188af51c6538c4a9c1ddc79dea278af6c8121a3e1 · product-24d04b69397dfeb5ba34d12d7054e5c4374d31dba14cea336e19ad17b9915870

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
59614277-929e-4fb7-a994-48e4c6506ad4
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6d5b48b0c21af0da9be49aa188af51c6538c4a9c1ddc79dea278af6c8121a3e1 · product-2aab218cb1665c5e65d95ac31645e4a58c57eb2d46daaa6ae4c258ee8686cdfd

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
b29bf3a8-66e2-4d6a-bc90-c8f9cef74c8c
Mapping establishedEvidence supported

vendor-6d5b48b0c21af0da9be49aa188af51c6538c4a9c1ddc79dea278af6c8121a3e1 · product-d058d3adc752ef645021364b044603ee3e3e85e2803ed68bbcb5339a00fd9b14

Source class
Nvd cpe vulnerable target
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
a00f8103-dd04-4af3-adf5-0861fe67fe70
Source-reported scopeSource-reported scope

Canonical linkage remains open; the cited source assertion is retained below.

Vendor specified only by source · Product specified only by source

Source class
Direct cve affected
Assertions
1
Mapping revision
cpe23-exact-mapping-v1
Observed cutoff
Aug 27, 2026
Retained assertion IDs
6cef0314-61fb-42d3-a596-c044b84bdcd9

Assessments

CVSS by origin

8.8
NVDCVSS 3.1 · role Primary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CVE Program sourceCVSS 3.1 · role Secondary · priority eligiblevalid_matchCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8
CISA-ADPCVSS 3.1 · role unknown · display onlyDirect record assessment retained outside normalized eligibilityCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Direct CVE/CNA normalized decisions

8.8Priority eligible

CISA-ADP

CVSS 3.1 · Secondary · Independent enrichment · rank 2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Validation
Valid match
Recomputed
8.8
Decision reason
Evidence supported
Policy
casca-direct-cvss-eligibility-v1

Assessments are retained side by side under closed precedence. Cascade never averages CVSS.

Evidence boundaries

  • KEV membership is authoritative for the catalog, not proof of exposure in any environment.
  • EPSS is a dated model probability and not an individual-environment prediction.
  • Affected or fixed status applies only to the exact cited product and version scope; remaining scope stays source-scoped.
  • NVD-carried upstream facts remain derivative; independent corroboration requires a separately authored source.
  • Only NVD metrics validated under the generation-bound calculator are Public Priority eligible; direct CVE record metrics remain display-only.
  • NVD CVSS source eligibility is closed: NVD-authored, exact record-source, or registered same-CVE container origin; unmapped sources remain display-only.
  • Core replay supports the active and immediately prior generation; retrospective valid-at replay is deferred.
  • OSV aggregation and OSV-converted NVD material are not independent corroboration.
  • Red Hat facts are vendor assertions for the exact supplied products.
  • Nonmembership and not-yet-observed states are not proof of safety.